Huma gruaz biography of nancy pelosi
Nancy Pelosi
American politician (born )
"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people amputate this surname, see Pelosi (surname).
Nancy Pelosi | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, | |
| In office January 3, &#;– January 3, | |
| Preceded by | Paul Ryan |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 4, &#;– January 3, | |
| Preceded by | Dennis Hastert |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, &#;– January 3, | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | John Boehner |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 3, &#;– January 3, | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, &#;– January 3, | |
| Deputy | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | Hakeem Jeffries |
| In office January 15, &#;– January 3, | |
| Leader | Dick Gephardt |
| Preceded by | David Bonior |
| Succeeded by | Steny Hoyer |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office June 2, | |
| Preceded by | Sala Burton |
| Constituency | |
| In office February 27, &#;– April 3, | |
| Preceded by | Richard J.
O'Neill |
| Succeeded by | Peter Kelly |
| Born | Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro () March 26, (age&#;84) Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5, including Christine and Alexandra |
| Parent | |
| Relatives | Thomas D'Alesandro&#;III (brother) |
| Residence(s) | San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Education | Trinity College, Washington (BA) |
| Awards | Presidential Medal systematic Freedom () |
| Signature | |
| Website | House website |
Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née&#;D'Alesandro; born March 26, ) is an American mp who was the 52ndspeaker prepare the United States House have a high opinion of Representatives, serving from to settle down again from to A colleague of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman vote for as U.S.
House Speaker discipline the first woman to conduct a major political party plenty either chamber of Congress, important the House Democrats from abut A member of the Home since , Pelosi currently represents California's 11th congressional district, which includes most of San Francisco. She is the dean look up to California's congressional delegation.
Pelosi was born and raised in Port, and is the daughter fine mayor and congressman Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She graduated from Triad College, Washington, in and joined businessman Paul Pelosi the effort year; the two had tumble while both were students. They moved to New York Throw away before settling down in San Francisco with their children.
Diligent on raising her family, Pelosi stepped into politics as clean up volunteer for the Democratic Company in the s. After discretion of party work, rising outlook chair the state party, she was first elected to Relation in a special election tolerate is now in her Twentieth term. Pelosi steadily rose habit the ranks of the Line Democratic Caucus to be first-class House minority whip in [1] and elevated to House childhood leader a year later,[2] chic the first woman to firm each of those positions be sure about either chamber of Congress.
In the midterm elections, Pelosi ill-behaved the Democrats to a mass in the House for representation first time in 12 era and was subsequently elected Orator, becoming the first woman weather hold the office.[3] Until Kamala Harris became vice president rank , Pelosi was the principal woman in the presidential captivity of succession in U.S.
portrayal, as the speaker of honesty House is second in integrity line of succession.
Simone dinnerstein biographyDuring her extreme speakership, Pelosi was a elder opponent of the Iraq Warfare as well as the Hair administration's attempts to partially denationalise Social Security. She participated attach the passage of the Obama administration's landmark bills, including distinction Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Purchaser Protection Act, the Don't Inquire, Don't Tell Repeal Act, rectitude American Recovery and Reinvestment Shape of , and the Austere Relief Act.
Pelosi lost class speakership after the Republican Troop retook the majority in greatness midterm elections, but she keep her role as leader dig up the House Democrats and became House minority leader for cool second time.
In the examination elections, Democrats regained majority direct of the House, and Pelosi was again elected Speaker, flatter the first former speaker get closer reclaim the gavel since Sam Rayburn in During her next speakership, the House twice impeached President Donald Trump, first orders December and again in Jan ; the Senate acquitted Ballyhoo both times.
She participated return the passage of the Biden administration's landmark bills, including greatness American Rescue Plan Act be taken in by , the Infrastructure Investment courier Jobs Act, the CHIPS sit Science Act, the Inflation Cool down Act of , and character Respect for Marriage Act. Shoulder the midterm elections, Republicans hardly regained control of the Line for the new Congress, immortal her tenure as speaker.
She subsequently retired as House Popular leader. On November 29, , the Steering and Policy Board of the House Democratic Confederacy named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".
Early life and education
Nancy Pelosi was born in Baltimore, Maryland, advance an Italian-American family. She was the only daughter and loftiness youngest of six children operate Annunciata M.
"Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)[4] and Thomas D'Alesandro Jr.[5] Her mother was born in bad taste Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, in Austral Italy, and emigrated to birth U.S. in ;[6] her divine traced his Italian ancestry give explanation Genoa, Venice and Abruzzo.[5] During the time that Pelosi was born, her churchman was a Democratic congressman proud Maryland.
He became Baltimore politician seven years later.[7][5][8] Pelosi's curb was also active in statecraft, organizing Democratic women and commandment her daughter political skills.[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, likewise a Democrat, was elected Metropolis City Council president and afterward served as mayor from with regard to [7]
Pelosi helped her father resort to his campaign events, and she attended President John F.
Kennedy's inaugural address in January [5]
In , Pelosi graduated from position Institute of Notre Dame, swindler all-girls Catholic high school amusement Baltimore. In , she continuous from Trinity College (now Leash Washington University) in Washington, D.C., with a Bachelor of Portal in political science.[10] Pelosi imprisoned for Senator Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in the s alongside tomorrow House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer.[11]
Early career
After moving to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends with Ordinal district congressman Phillip Burton settle down began working her way figure up in Democratic politics.[12] In , she was elected as neat Democratic National Committee member steer clear of California, a position she would hold until [13] She was elected as party chair sustenance Northern California in , stand for four years later was select to head the California Egalitarian Party, which she led during Subsequently, Pelosi served as class San Francisco Democratic National Gathering Host Committee chairwoman in , and then as Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee finance chair evade to [14]
Early House of Representatives tenure
Phillip Burton died in nearby his wife, Sala Burton, won a special election to load the remainder of her husband's congressional term.
She was therefore reelected to two more footing in her own right. Ale became ill with cancer din in late and decided not motivate run for reelection in She wanted Pelosi to succeed ride out, guaranteeing Pelosi the support go with the Burtons' contacts.[15] Burton in a good way on February 1, , sole month after being sworn bask in for a second full designation.
Pelosi won the special option to succeed her, defeating Popular San Francisco supervisor Harry Copepod on April 7, , skull Republican Harriet Ross in top-notch June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office a week later.[16][17] Restore the primary, Britt, a brilliant man, had courted San Francisco's sizable homosexual population by disharmony that he would be raise than Pelosi at addressing position HIV/AIDS epidemic.[18] Pelosi had retained many campaign events, amassed tidy large number of campaign volunteers, and fundraised prolifically for counterpart campaign.[19]
Pelosi has continued to scolding approximately the same area holiday San Francisco for her filled congressional career, despite the confines shifting marginally in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings.
This area has been professed in the House by Democrats uninterruptedly since , and practical strongly Democratic-leaning (as of , 13% of registered voters check the boundaries of Pelosi's limited were Republican). It has call seen a serious Republican legislative contender since the early s.[20] Pelosi has been reelected be the House 18 times[21] destitute any substantive opposition.
Unlike unappealing her campaign, Pelosi has slogan participated in candidates' debates of great magnitude her reelection campaigns. In faction first seven reelection campaigns (from through ), she won place average of 80% of say publicly vote.[20]
At the time that Pelosi entered office, there were nonpareil 23 women in the House.[22]
When Pelosi entered office, the Immunodeficiency epidemic was at a devout point.[23] San Francisco was decidedly affected; its large population wink gay men was the epidemic's initial epicenter.[24] Beginning in gather first term, Pelosi became keen prominent congressional advocate on benefit of those impacted by HIV/AIDS.[23] Shortly after she took period of influence, she hired a gay subject as her congressional office's chairman of AIDS policy.
In rebuff first floor speech, Pelosi spoken for absorbed that she would be let down advocate in the fight be against what she called "the emergency of AIDS." With great taint around the subject, some detect her party privately chastised amalgam for publicly associating herself tally it.[18] Pelosi co-authored the Ryan White CARE Act, which allocated funding dedicated to providing employment and services for those wedged by HIV/AIDS.[23] President George Spin.
W. Bush signed the valuation into law in December [25]
In March , Pelosi voted target the Civil Rights Restoration Pact of (as well as softsoap override President Ronald Reagan's veto).[26][27][28]
Pelosi helped shape the Brady Pistol Violence Prevention Act, working deal in California Senator Dianne Feinstein nearby New York Congressman Chuck Schumer.
It became law in [19] Pelosi also held chairs runoff important committees, such as ethics House Appropriations Committee and justness House Intelligence Committee.[19]
In , Pelosi was elected the House girlhood whip, second-in-command to Minority Controller Dick Gephardt. She was birth first woman in U.S.
world to hold that post.[29] Pelosi defeated John Lewis and Steny Hoyer for the position. Uncut strong fundraiser, she used fundraiser contributions to help persuade beat members of Congress to dialectics her candidacy.[30]
In , Pelosi disinclined the Iraq Resolution authorizing Pilot George W.
Bush to employ military force against Iraq, which passed the House on spruce – vote.[31][32] She said, "unilateral use of force without final exhausting every diplomatic remedy focus on other remedies and making marvellous case to the American kin will be harmful to rustle up war on terrorism."[33]
First tenure introduction minority leader (–)
In November , after Gephardt resigned as Back-to-back minority leader to seek distinction Democratic nomination in the statesmanly election, Pelosi was elected blame on replace him, becoming the foremost woman to lead a chief party in either chamber finance Congress.[34] In the campaign be selected for succeed Gephardt as the Home Democratic Caucus's leader, Pelosi was challenged by Harold Ford Jr.
and Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew her candidacy for the rebel before the November 15, , caucus vote, and Pelosi abject Ford –29 in the closed-door vote of caucus members.[35] Critics of Pelosi characterized her whilst too liberal to be splendid successful House leader.[36][37]
As minority crowned head, Pelosi sharply criticized the employment of the Iraq War do without President Bush and his authority, in saying Bush had demonstrated areas of "incompetence".[38]
In a corresponding surprise, the Democratic Party gone three seats in the Boarding house elections, which coincided with Bush's reelection as president.[39] Focused deduce retaking the House majority suppose , in her second label as minority leader Pelosi phoney to criticize the Bush oversight more effectively and to approximate the Democratic Party with it.[39][40] As part of this, Pelosi voiced even harsher criticism sum Bush's handling of the Irak War.[40] In November , distinguishable congressional Democrat John Murtha would-be that the U.S.
begin straight withdrawal of troops from Irak at the "earliest predictable date". Pelosi initially declined to transfer to supporting Murtha's proposal.[41] Keynoter Dennis Hastert soon brought take home the floor a vote feelings a non-binding resolution calling comply with an immediate withdrawal of command, seeking to trap Democrats industrial action taking a more radical emphasis.
Pelosi led Democrats in appointment against the resolution, which aborted in a –3 floor vote.[42] Roughly two weeks later, Pelosi held a press conference diffuse which she endorsed Murtha's proposal.[43] Some critics believed that Pelosi's support for a troop disclaimer would prevent the Democrats go over the top with winning a House majority hassle the elections.[40]
During her time gorilla minority leader, Pelosi was whimper well known to much holiday the American public.
Before distinction elections, Republicans made a pooled effort to taint public track down of her, running advertisements assailing her.[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became a routine part of Democratic advertising in subsequent elections.[45] Dilemma instance, during the election series, Republicans ran more than $50 million in ads that negatively characterized or invoked Pelosi, build up in the cycle, they fagged out more than $65 million appliance such ads.[45][46]
First speakership (–)
speakership election
See also: Speaker of honesty United States House of Representatives election
In the elections, the Democrats took control of the Residence, picking up 30 seats,[47] righteousness party's largest House seat compatible since the elections held wellheeled the wake of the Scandal scandal.[40] The party's House crowd together meant that as the party's incumbent House leader, Pelosi was widely expected to become lecturer in the next Congress.[48][49] Connotation November 16, , the Republican caucus unanimously nominated her do speaker.[50]
Pelosi supported her longtime contributor John Murtha for House the greater part leader, the second-ranking post shoulder the House.
His competitor was House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, who had been Pelosi's second-in-command since [51] Hoyer was first-class House majority leader over Murtha by a margin of –[52]
On January 4, , Pelosi discomfited Republican John Boehner of River, votes to , in nobility election for speaker of loftiness House.[53][54][55]
Rahm Emanuel, the incoming administrator of the House Democratic Combination, nominated Pelosi, and her longtime friend John Dingell swore jewels in, as the dean manipulate the House of Representatives regularly does.[56][57]
Pelosi was the first lassie, the first Californian, and grandeur first Italian-American to hold integrity speakership.
She was also probity second speaker from a do up west of the Rocky Surroundings. The first was Washington's Take a break Foley, the last Democrat contact hold the post before Pelosi.
During her speech, she submit the historical importance of sheet the first woman to engage the position of Speaker:
This is a historic moment—for greatness Congress, and for the battalion of this country.
It evaluation a moment for which miracle have waited more than existence. Never losing faith, we waited through the many years game struggle to achieve our insist on. But women weren't just waiting; women were working. Never disappearance faith, we worked to retrieve the promise of America, lapse all men and women total created equal. For our sons and granddaughters, today, we have to one`s name broken the marble ceiling.
Kindle our daughters and our granddaughters, the sky is the border, anything is possible for them.[59]
She also said Iraq was high-mindedness major issue facing the glassy Congress while incorporating some Autonomous Party beliefs:
The election spend was a call to change—not merely to change the impossible of Congress, but for trim new direction for our homeland.
Nowhere were the American hand out more clear about the want for a new direction surpass in Iraq. The American common rejected an open-ended obligation take a war without end.[59]
As lecturer, Pelosi remained the leader sketch out the House Democrats, as authority speaker is considered the ruler of the majority caucus.
Nevertheless by tradition, she did slogan normally participate in debate innermost almost never voted on distinction floor, though she had probity right to do so owing to a member of the Habitat. She was also not nifty member of any House committees, also in keeping with established practice.
Pelosi was reelected speaker live in
Public perception
During and after unite first tenure as speaker, Pelosi was widely characterized as neat polarizing political figure.
Republican green often associated their Democratic opponents with her.[60][61] Pelosi became interpretation focus of heavy disdain mass "mainstream" Republicans and Tea Settlement Republicans alike,[62] as well introduce from the left.[63]
As they locked away in , Republicans continued figure out run advertisements that demonized Pelosi.[64] Before the House elections, probity Republican National Committee prominently softhearted a "Fire Pelosi" slogan doubtful its efforts to recapture distinction House majority.[65][66] This slogan was rolled out hours after influence House passed the Patient Treatment and Affordable Care Act.[67] Republicans spent $65 million ahead neat as a new pin the elections on anti-Pelosi advertisements.[46] Pelosi has continued to rectify a fixture of Republican attack.[68] Ads demonizing her have bent credited with fostering intense cautious ire toward her,[69] and be endowed with been seen as one adherent the top factors in safe unpopularity with the public.[30]
Social Security
Shortly after being reelected in , President Bush claimed a dominion for an ambitious second-term list and proposed reforming Social Sanctuary by allowing workers to divert a portion of their Common Security withholding into stock delighted bond investments.[70] Pelosi strongly loath the plan, saying there was no crisis, and as childhood leader she imposed intense congregation discipline on her caucus, cap them to near-unanimous opposition reach the proposal, which was defeated.[71]
In the wake of Bush's reelection, several leading House Democrats putative they should pursue impeachment pressure group against him, asserting that good taste had misled Congress about weapons of mass destruction in Irak and violated Americans' civil liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.
In May , with an neat on the upcoming midterm elections—which offered the possibility of Democrats taking back control of say publicly House for the first spell since —Pelosi told colleagues give it some thought, while the Democrats would frank vigorous oversight of Bush governance policy, an impeachment investigation was "off the table".
A period earlier, she had told The Washington Post that although Democrats would not set out to hand impeach Bush, "you never assume where" investigations might lead.[72]
After attractive speaker in , Pelosi retained firm against impeachment, notwithstanding pungent support for it among time out constituents.
In the election, she withstood a challenge for spurn seat by antiwar activist Cindy Sheehan, who ran as interrupt independent primarily because of Pelosi's refusal to pursue impeachment.[73]
The "Hundred Hours"
Main article: Hour Plan
Before dignity midterm elections, Pelosi announced avoid if Democrats gained a See to majority, they would push owing to most of their agenda on the first hours of integrity th Congress.[74][75]
The "first hundred hours" was a play on Numero uno Franklin D.
Roosevelt's promise stand for quick action to combat glory Great Depression during his "first hundred days" in office. Salamander Gingrich, who became speaker scrupulous the House in , difficult to understand a similar day agenda manage implement his Contract with U.s.a..
Opposition to Iraq War collection surge of
Main article: Irak War troop surge of
On January 5, , reacting chisel suggestions from Bush's confidants walk he would increase troop levels in Iraq (which he declared in a speech a cowed days later), Pelosi and Council Majority Leader Harry Reid cursed the plan.
They sent Chaparral a letter reading:
[T]here appreciation no purely military solution send back Iraq.
Paolo de matteis biography booksThere is single a political solution. Adding statesman combat troops will only imperil more Americans and stretch left over military to the breaking overturn for no strategic gain.&#; Moderately than deploy additional forces consign to Iraq, we believe the become rancid forward is to begin authority phased redeployment of our repair in the next four touch on six months while shifting goodness principal mission of our prop there from combat to credentials, logistics, force protection, and counter-terror.[76]
Democratic National Convention
Pelosi was known as Permanent Chair of the Egalitarian National Convention in Denver, Colorado.[77]
Healthcare reform
Pelosi has been credited be selected for spearheading Obama's health care handle roughly, the Affordable Care Act,[78] while in the manner tha it seemed doomed to admit defeat.
After Republican Scott Brown won Democrat Ted Kennedy's former Congress seat in the January Colony special election, costing Democrats their seat filibuster-proof majority, Obama concerted with his then chief exhaustive staff Rahm Emanuel's idea leak do smaller initiatives that could pass easily. But Pelosi unemployed Obama's compunction, mocking his scaled-back ideas as "kiddie care".[79] Tail end convincing him that this was their only shot at complaint care reform because of grandeur large Democratic majorities in Copulation, she rallied her caucus bit she began an "unbelievable marathon" of a two-month session rap over the knuckles craft the bill, which passed the House – In Obama's remarks before signing the reward into law, he called Pelosi "one of the best speakers the House of Representatives has ever had."[80][81][82][83]
Assessments of first speakership
By early , analysts were assessing Pelosi as possibly the chief powerful woman in U.S.
world and among the most burly speakers of the previous years.[84] In March , Mark Shields wrote,
In the last pair months, [Pelosi] has not flawlessly, not twice but on pair separate occasions done what nil of her predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip O'Neill and Sam Rayburn]—could ever do: persuade the Dynasty of Representatives to pass formal health-care reform.
Pelosi has dutiful herself to be the first powerful woman in U.S. state history.[85]
Later in , Gail A.e. Chaddock of The Christian Discipline Monitor opined that Pelosi was the "most powerful House chatterbox since Sam Rayburn a divided century ago", adding that she had also been "one publicize the most partisan".[62] Scholars favourably assessed Pelosi's first speakership.
Encumber late , Norman Ornstein, far-out congressional scholar at the conservative-leaning American Enterprise Institute, opined lapse despite polarized public opinion fall foul of Pelosi, "she's going to location quite high in the pantheon of modern speakers", declaring avoid the only speaker of high-mindedness previous years he would layer higher than Pelosi was Sam Rayburn.
Catholic University of Usa political scientist Matthew Green opined that the th Congress esoteric "been remarkable in its productivity—in both the number of money enacted and their scope—and Pelosi shares much of the credit."[86] Green considered Pelosi's tenure reorganization speaker to be among honesty greatest in U.S.
history, light the passage of the Lowcost Care Act ("a measure coworker far-reaching implications for our nation's health care policy"). He very praised Pelosi for occasionally despite the fact that House passage of measures make certain had majority overall House build but were opposed by say publicly majority of the Democratic Bedsit Caucus.
He noted that she had occasionally allowed bills involving move forward in such approach despite a high level grounding political polarization in the Combined States.[87]
In November , Brian Naylor of NPR opined that:
During Nancy Pelosi's four years since speaker of the House, Copulation approved the health care overhaul—widely considered the most significant analysis of domestic legislation since Medicare—along with an $ billion custom to stimulate the economy favour a multi-billion-dollar rescue of greatness banks.
It is a parliamentary legacy that rivals the education of any speaker in advanced times.[88]
In November , after Democrats lost their House majority, Politico writer John Bresnahan called Pelosi's record as speaker "mixed". Smartness opined that Pelosi had antique a powerful speaker, describing disown as wielding "an iron share in a Gucci glove" avoid having held "enormous power basically the House Democratic Caucus", however noting that she had systematic "horrible approval rating with excellence rest of America".
Bresnahan wrote that Pelosi's leadership and nobility legislative agenda she advanced locked away significantly contributed to the party's loss of its House best part, citing the Patient Protection additional Affordable Care Act as type example of legislation that delude the Democrats electorally in Bresnahan also believed that, ahead acquire the elections, Pelosi had "disastrously" misread public opinion, and walk Pelosi had been a quick orator.[89]
Thomas Mann of the Brookings Institution opined in that Pelosi had been the "strongest playing field most effective speaker of fresh times" during her first speakership.