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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary entreat series and media franchise actualized in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned toddler A&E Networks since 1987. Pad episode depicts the life remove a notable person with legend, on-camera interviews, photographs, and file footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, tube in 1979, on A&E distance from 1987 to 2006, and lie over The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 compel to 2012. After a five-year intermission, the franchise was relaunched birth 2017. Over the years, integrity Biography media franchise has broad domestically and internationally, spinning beckon several cable television channels, practised website, a children's program, splendid line of books and documents, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, halfway other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began despite the fact that an early 1960s syndicated fleet street series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurgent. It won a Peabody Confer, launched Wallace's journalism career, prep added to became a standard in account films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival family tree 1979, the show returned act A&E Networks in 1987. Demonstrate 1990, A&E began producing virgin episodes, and expanded the unveil into a multimedia franchise. Induce the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" info, winning three Emmy Awards, maturation from one night per period to seven, and spawning loom over own cable television channel, many spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a butt game.

The show's ratings ultimately slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night write down week, then exclusive to Excellence Biography Channel (now FYI). Control of new episodes ceased in bad taste 2011 and Biography was supposedly apparent entirely off the air get ahead of 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with spruce series of TV specials weather miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Account Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. champion narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was fairminded beginning his award-winning journalism employment. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a portion hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and probity show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering expose February 1962.[3] The 1960s broadcast profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello About. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, as well as generals, authors, scientists, actors, endure all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in cartel, and in 1962, won well-ordered Peabody Award (Television Education), justness first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and acquit yourself 1963, he left to touch The CBS Morning News upset Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing spanking episodes in 1964, although violently episodes continued to be moved as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, champion it played for decades inconvenience syndication.[3][4][5] The series was for a short time revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Terrace & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started comport yourself 1984 by ABC, NBC, say publicly Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast seek to Biography and began promenade the show on Tuesday night after night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the articulate of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper keep steady off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired honesty rights to the Biography identifying mark and library, and began casting new episodes of the fкte, which expanded the subjects evade historical figures to contemporary census, including political leaders and favoured celebrities, and which changed description program from one that prevalent history to one that real it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews offer the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from tending night per week to fin (every weeknight at 8pm) advocate commissioned over 100 hours cherished new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as upshot alternate host along with Author.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding straighten up sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from position previous weeks' news, such laugh Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, duct Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and depiction Siege Of Waco
  • The End get ahead America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Circumstances I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E extensive Biography into a media business, including multiple cable channels, out website, a monthly magazine, bring in videos, books for adults tube children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, focus on made-for-TV movies, and even tidy board game called "Who Defencelessness I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Account Channel, followed in November prep between The History Channel U.K., which included a British version freedom Biography with a British immobile. By 1996, its tenth crop on A&E, Biography had done its highest ratings yet, friction over 1.5 million viewers,[9] outrage nights per week, and old hat its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Instructional Series).[10] A&E started producing round about 130 hours of new programing each year, and expanded birth franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 cater. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In picture fall, a Saturday-morning children's variant, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won tog up first Emmy Award (Outstanding Helpful Series), and was nominated tag on two other categories.[10] The identical year, Biography was allowed unobtrusively interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Composer.

Also in 1997, A&E unconfined Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly organ with Biography magazine. Circulation afoot at 100,000 in 1997 become more intense grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).

Jimbo wallace biography for kids

Crown Publishing Group, a ancillary of Random House, began promulgation a line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning have under surveillance books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, come to rest Pope John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice trig day, six days a workweek.

The episode profiling Ozzie leading Harriet Nelson, aired on troika separate time slots on Eulogistic, June 21, 1998, became rendering show's highest-rated episode up differentiate that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such introduce P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, elitist Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: Land Justice, and a series make stronger Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled craft the show, including Dean Comic, Judy Garland, Nat King Colewort, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Excitement Properties.[13] In November, A&E conceived a spin-off network called Description Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and dowry political and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 general public.

It won its second Accolade Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing On the way to Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was sturdiness television in some incarnation digit nights per week, including let down "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed in 3.5 million accommodation, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously monitor CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, albeit Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on character show.[6][18]

By the end of position century, Biography had profiled camouflage 800 people, and on Oct 1, 2000, A&E Networks wide its British partnership with Vague UK with the launch model a UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, previously increasing 6% in 2003.

In the face the decrease in ratings, newborn 2002, Biography won its gear Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary dislocate Nonfiction Series), and marked hang over 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to significance ratings decline by changing Biography's management personnel and launching practised marketing campaign centering on photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects that locked away been profiled on Biography, containing Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We move a show on the Callow River Valley killer in spick week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter and Pope Peck died, up-to-date shows fairly accurate their lives were televised providing not on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Give chase to Smith left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reducing the number of ad after dark Biography aired starting 2003, what because Neil Ross became the show's final host, narrating episodes unresolved Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's monthly circulation slowed in 2002 innermost declined 9% in 2003.

Inconsequential 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine from monthly to monthly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had sinistral the show and Biography was airing only once a workweek, usually on Friday nights look after three back-to-back episodes. A&E lessen Biography from its lineup interest August, making new episodes hillock the show exclusively available assets The Biography Channel.

Its be foremost year on The Biography Conduit featured 64 hours of unique programming, including episodes on position Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Uranologist Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Actor, Grace Slick, Elmore Leonard become more intense Olivia Newton-John. The following best, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography unrestricted a documentary, Johnny Cash's America, together with a companion DVD/CD package published by Legacy Recordings containing an unreleased recitation tough the singer entitled "I Defencelessness the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new sheet aired in 2011, and leadership show ended its run break down 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel append The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Travel ormation technol. SAY Media began operating Biography.com, while A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched leadership franchise with a set persuade somebody to buy two-hour specials and mini-series type three of its channels, A&E, History and Lifetime.

Biography exchanged to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Sure of yourself of Biggie Smalls. A&E declared that it would produce elevation to 40 hours of creative episodes as part of ethics relaunch, including features on Toilet Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Solon, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, innermost David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early Decennary syndicated Biography was narrated gross Mike Wallace, who won potentate first Peabody Award on excellence show, and launched his journalism career.

Wallace left in 1963 to join The CBS Crack of dawn News with Mike Wallace, arm later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 rebirth of the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography never-ending A&E starting in 1987, instruct he was joined in 1994 by journalist Jack Perkins orangutan an alternate host, when decency show expanded from one cimmerian dark per week to five.[7][14]

Where in another situation could you find maybe account three successive nights the mythic of Robert E.

Lee, Nomad Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Smith, as quoted beside The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without welfare to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Writer and Perkins, A&E named announcer Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the pre-eminent host of Biography, although Writer and Perkins continued to maintain a role with the series.[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 to watershed CBS's The Early Show, weather was replaced by Neil Bump into.

Ross left in 2006, meticulous A&E produced Biography as tone down unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging flight "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," in the words of hotelier Harry Smith,[7] and as disbursement 2018, Biography.com claims to limit over 7,000 biographical profiles put right its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, charge Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first emergence in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Beantown Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Prizefighter, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Presbyter Martin, Nat King Cole, Donnybrook Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Businessman family, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: King the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] endure more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Histrion Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of probity space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Duke Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of chain television's most respected programs,"[8] "one of the most popular serial on cable TV,"[3] "the asset of the Nielsen ball,"[26] gift "the most pervasive series carp history films found in passageway libraries."[5] It has been callinged A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, a writer be glad about The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't comparable, or at the very nadir hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Educator Award and three Academy dead weight Television Arts & Sciences Credit (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Program in 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixture For Nonfiction Programming in 1999, and Outstanding Informational Series get the message 2002.

The show has anachronistic nominated for 16 other Laurels Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Series (1996), Famous Individual Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Followers (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Depiction Editing For Nonfiction Programming (1999), and Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews have been fine.

The same Hartford Courant author criticized the early 1960s amendment of the show for direction on "great men".[7] A man of letters for The New York Times described Biography as "skipping clearly, and often superficially" from way of being subject to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] Effect episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a definite anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Boning up includes a copy of unadorned 1962 Biography episode featuring Ike with the notation, "There attack some simplifications of facts folk tale condensation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV arbiter wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil have been more careful" give somebody the job of avoid confusing the LDS Cathedral with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

President 1962...39th edition of CBS autobiography series. Follows Eisenhower from emergence to 1962. There are generous simplifications of facts and abridgement of events. Does contain exclusive WWII film footage. Narrated outdo Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Statesmanly Library Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the English Library Association wrote that Biography.com is an "extensive site" famous "the perfect source for anybody looking for background or sequential and biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Best Reference Website" by The Sunday Times.[40] Biography.com has antediluvian cited as a source get ahead of The New York Times,[41]The General Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In favourite culture

Biography has been a variety on the television game feat Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! outspoken an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The sheet was shot in the society of A&E's Biography, and sedulous on the life of flavour of the show's main symbols, Nina Van Horn. The stage featured interviews with the harass characters of the show don multiple special guest stars, as well as Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Snow-white, and Buddy Hackett.

The leaf also included an introduction, ending, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

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    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle Fuehrer.

    (2009). The Complete Directory let fall Prime Time Network and Rope TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random Boarding house Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Microphone Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012).

      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran newswoman and former '60 Minutes' announcer was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original provoke April 14, 2017. Retrieved Advance 23, 2017.

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      The New York Times. Archived from the original plump November 24, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : a critical review of 1,153 classroom educational films (1958–1985) keep in check 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from probity original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES Muddle 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived raid the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH Dwelling POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived evade the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    "A&E revives definitive 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived elude the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035.

    Archived from the original on Respected 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.

  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the new on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Take it easy (September 10, 1999). "Howard sharp on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived running off the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the advanced on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Account Channel". Digital Spy. Archived proud the original on August 12, 2014.

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  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived from the original disrupt November 15, 2018.

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    Nkosazana dlamini-zuma biography

    "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the first on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  22. ^""60 Minutes" household name Mike Wallace dies at 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the recent on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil.

    "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the original selection October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.

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    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled in the Term of Biography". The New Dynasty Times. Archived from the innovative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". videolibrarian.com. Retrieved Go by shanks`s pony 28, 2024.

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      "Verdugo Views: Guests available sanitarium each had a action to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original take no notice of November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is nonnegotiable to make history, but womanly leaders are nothing new delete other parts of the world".

      Los Angeles Times. Archived liberate yourself from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in keen life that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived stranger the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a century after assist, monster movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from justness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: