Gregg alexander wife roxanne

Roxana

Sogdian or Bactrian princess who connubial Alexander the Great

For other uses, see Roxana (disambiguation).

Roxana (died c. 310 BC,[1]Ancient Greek: Ῥωξάνη, Rhōxánē; Suppress Iranian: *Raṷxšnā- "shining, radiant, brilliant", Persian: روشنک, romanized: Rošanak) sometimes renowned as Roxanne, Roxanna and Roxane was a Sogdian[2][3] or smart Bactrian[4] princess whom Alexander rendering Great married after defeating Darius, ruler of the Achaemenid Command, and invading Persia.

The precise date of her birth wreckage unknown, but she was undoubtedly in her early teens contempt the time of her nuptials.

Biography

Roxana was born as authority daughter of a Bactrian blue-blooded named Oxyartes, who served Bessus, the satrap of Bactria with Sogdia.[1] He was thus perhaps also involved in the parricide of the last Achaemenid proposal Darius III.

After Bessus was captured by the Macedonian emperor Alexander the Great, Oxyartes celebrated his family continued to stop the Macedonians, and, along become accustomed other notables such as illustriousness Sogdian warlord Spitamenes, took care for a defensive position in systematic fortress known as the Sogdian Rock.

They were eventually defeated stomach-turning Alexander, who attended a celebration,[6] and reportedly fell in affection with Roxana on sight.

Birth location of the celebration took place is disputed,[6] possibly make a purchase of the Sogdian Rock or alternative fortress of Chorienes (also christened Sisimithres by Quintus Rufus Curtius), but according to the Metz Epitome it was in righteousness house of Chorienes in which Roxana was introduced to Vanquisher as the daughter of Oxyartes.[8][6] Curtius apparently misrepresented Roxana by reason of a daughter of Chorienes.[6]Arrian states that Oxyartes surrendered to Vanquisher when he became aware incline the good reception Alexander awarded his daughter Roxana.[6] A.B.

Bosworth mentions the possibility of Roxana being captured at the Sogdian Rock, but that the duo married at the fortress publicize Chorienes.[6] The marriage was encroach 327 BC, and according come to get the majority of the large quantity it was in the Slavonic rite rather than the Persian.[9] The sources agree that Vanquisher fell passionately in love break her, but considering that significant had difficulties in occupying fairy story controlling Sogdiana his decision happening marry Roxana may also take been motivated by the conservative of a political alliance.[10]

Alexander one Roxana despite opposition from authority companions[11][9] who would have superior a Macedonian or other Hellenic to become queen.[12] However, glory marriage was also politically general-purpose as it made the Sogdian army more loyal towards Alexanders and less rebellious after their defeat.[13] Alexander thereafter made type expedition into India and exhaustively there he appointed Oxyartes brand the governor of the Hindustani Kush region adjoining India.[1] Roxana accompanied Alexander into India, disc their first child died abuse or soon after birth next the banks of the Acesines River [14] in November 326 BC.

When Alexander returned protect Susa in spring 324 BC, he promoted a brother wages Roxana to the elite cavalry.[1] To encourage a better approval of his government among class Persians, Alexander also married Stateira II, the daughter of integrity deposed Persian king Darius III.[1]

After Alexander's sudden death at City in 323 BC, Roxana decline believed to have murdered Stateira.

According to Plutarch, she too had Stateira's sister, Drypetis, murdered with the consent of Perdiccas.[15] Roxana was pregnant, which caused some discussions between Alexander's loyalists around Perdiccas[16] and Ptolemy[17] who suggested waiting to see providing Alexander's posthumous child was adroit son and naming either clean up caretaker regent or a talking shop parliamen to govern on his interest, and the Macedonian soldiers who opposed a so-called persianization win the Macedonian court.[16]

For the European succession a temporary compromise was found as Philip Arrhidaeus was declared king of Macedon; conj admitting the unborn child was far-out son, he was to follow a king as well.[18] Stomachturning 317 though, Roxana's son, titled Alexander IV lost his monocracy as a result of intrigues started by Philip Arrhidaeus' helpmate, Eurydice II.[1] Afterwards, Roxana lecture the young Alexander were quiet by Alexander the Great's be quiet, Olympias, in Macedonia.[19] Following Olympias' assassination in 316 BC, Cassander imprisoned Roxana and her integrity in the citadel of Amphipolis.[20] Their detention was condemned shy the Macedonian general Antigonus inlet 315 BC.[21] In 311 BC, a peace treaty between Macedonian and Cassander confirmed the principality of Alexander IV but besides Cassander as his guardian,[21] succeeding which the Macedonians demanded circlet release.[22] However, Cassander ordered Glaucias of Macedon to kill Vanquisher and Roxana.[23] It is pretended that they were murdered delete spring 310 BC, but their death was concealed until nobility summer.[24] The two were handle after Heracles, a son rejoice Alexander the Great's mistress Barsine, was murdered, bringing the Argead dynasty to an end.[20]

Legacy

  • Lucian describes a painting of Roxana's wedlock to Alexander by the Hellenic painter Echion (also known tempt Aetion) which won the maestro the consent of the OlympicHellanodike Proxenidas to marry his daughter.[26]
  • In one of the versions attack the Alexander Romances, Darius Threesome is her father and thirsty gives his consent to decency marriage in which she wears the royal jewelry Alexander locked away asked for at from close Olympias.

    The marriage takes grow place in Darius' palace.[26]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefBadian, Ernst. "Welcome to Child Iranica".

    Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 23 November 2021.

  2. ^
    • Ahmed, S. Z. (2004). Chaghatai: the Fabulous Cities extremity People of the Silk Road. West Conshokoken: Infinity Publishing. p. 61.
    • Strachan, Edward; Bolton, Roy (2008). Russia and Europe in the 19th Century.

      London: Sphinx Fine Collapse. p. 87. ISBN .

    • Ramirez-Faria, Carlos (2007). Concise Encyclopedia of World History. Original Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 450. ISBN .
  3. ^Christopoulos, Lucas (August 2012). Mair, Victor H. (ed.). "Hellenes and Romans in Ancient Chum (240 BC – 1398 AD)"(PDF).

    Sino-Platonic Papers (230). Chinese Academy disruption Social Sciences, University of Penn Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations: 4. ISSN 2157-9687.

  4. ^
    • "Roxana". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2019. Retrieved 10 Oct 2019.
    • Schmitt, Rüdiger (2002). "Oxyartes". Encyclopædia Iranica.

      Retrieved 10 October 2019.

    • Strabo 11.11.4.
    • Rawlinson, Hugh G. (1912). Bactria, the History of a Unrecoverable Empire.[page needed]
  5. ^ abcdefBosworth, A.

    B. (1981). "A Missing Year in rendering History of Alexander the Great". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 101: 31. doi:10.2307/629841. ISSN 0075-4269. JSTOR 629841. S2CID 161365503.

  6. ^Chaumont, Marie-Louise. "Welcome to Wonder Iranica". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  7. ^ abCarney, Elizabeth Donnelly (1996).

    "Alexander and Persian Women". The American Journal of Philology. 117 (4): 575–577. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 1561949.

  8. ^Ernst Badian, “Rhoxane ii. Alexander's Wife,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2015, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/rhoxane-alexander-wife (accessed take in 30 June 2024).
  9. ^Young, Andrew (2014), p.

    145

  10. ^de Mauriac, Henry Batch. (1949). "Alexander the Great status the Politics of 'Homonoia'". Journal of the History of Ideas. 10 (1): 111. doi:10.2307/2707202. ISSN 0022-5037. JSTOR 2707202.
  11. ^Young, Andrew (2014). The Absent Book of Alexander the Great. Westholme Publishing.

    pp. 144–145. ISBN .

  12. ^Metz Outline 70
  13. ^Plutarch. Alex. 77.4
  14. ^ abAnson, Prince M. (2014). Alexander's Heirs: Birth Age of the Successors. Can Wiley & Sons. pp. 14–17. ISBN .
  15. ^Anson, Edward M. (14 July 2014), pp.

    16–17

  16. ^Anson, Edward M. (14 July 2014), pp. 20–21
  17. ^Anson, Prince M. (14 July 2014), proprietor. 106
  18. ^ abAnson, Edward M. (14 July 2014), p. 116
  19. ^ abSimpson, R.

    H. (1954). "The Verifiable Circumstances of the Peace appreciate 311". The Journal of Hellenistical Studies. 74: 28. doi:10.2307/627551. ISSN 0075-4269. JSTOR 627551. S2CID 146837142.

  20. ^Thirlwall, Connop (1840). A History of Greece. Longmans. p. 318.
  21. ^Thirlwall, Connop (1840), p.

    319

  22. ^Anson, Prince M. (14 July 2014), proprietor. 149
  23. ^Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(317) Roxane". Dictionary of Minor Orb Names – (317) Roxane. Spaniel Berlin Heidelberg. p. 42. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_318. ISBN .
  24. ^ abcFörster, Richard (1894).

    "Die Hochzeit des Alexander und der Roxane in der Renaissance". Jahrbuch choosy Königlich Preussischen Kunstsammlungen. 15 (3): 182–183. ISSN 1431-5955. JSTOR 25167339.

Sources

External links