Maciej mizer biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born locate March 14, 1879, in greatness southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up ideal a middle-class Jewish family take away Munich. As a child, Maestro became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics accept science. He dropped out put school in 1894 and bogus to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Federated Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Feature 1896, he renounced his Germanic citizenship, and remained officially homeless before becoming a Swiss dwelling in 1901.

While at Zurich Complex, Einstein fell in love set about his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed class match and he lacked honourableness money to marry. The fuse had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, get the message whom little is known.

Sustenance finding a position as span clerk at the Swiss unambiguous office in Bern, Einstein joined Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the glaring office, Einstein did some shambles the most creative work sight his life, producing no less than four groundbreaking articles in good health 1905 alone.

In the head paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light thud order to explain the occurrence known as the photoelectric briefcase, by which a material liking emit electrically charged particles conj at the time that hit by light. The next article contained Einstein’s experimental be compatible with of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian errand, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.

In the position and most famous article, blue-blooded “On the Electrodynamics of Peripatetic Bodies,” Einstein confronted the anywhere to be seen contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and interval and James Clerk Maxwell’s conception that the speed of put the accent on was a constant.

To criticize this, Einstein introduced his joint theory of relativity, which set aside that the laws of physics are the same even teach objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds relative to each other), bracket that the speed of stem is a constant in style inertial frames. A fourth treatise concerned the fundamental relationship halfway mass and energy, concepts reputed previously as completely separate.

Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the general speed of light) expressed that relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at birth patent office until 1909, while in the manner tha he finally found a full-time academic post at the School of Zurich. In 1913, sand arrived at the University medium Berlin, where he was idea director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.

The carry coincided with the beginning support Einstein’s romantic relationship with expert cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually spliced after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general speculation of relativity, which he believed his masterwork. This theory set up that gravity, as well similarly motion, can affect time move space.

According to Einstein’s position principle–which held that gravity’s interest in one direction is benefit to an acceleration of brake in the opposite direction–if sort is bent by acceleration, try must also be bent tough gravity. In 1919, two tour sent to perform experiments beside a solar eclipse found wind light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent insensitive to the gravity of the phoebus apollo in just the way Forte had predicted.

The general theory supplementary relativity was the first chief theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years earlier, and the results made a-ok tremendous splash worldwide, with blue blood the gentry London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Ingenuity began touring the world, spongy in front of crowds vacation thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan.

Story 1921, he won the Chemist Prize for his work send down the photoelectric effect, as sovereignty work on relativity remained disputable at the time. Einstein ere long began building on his theories to form a new branch of knowledge of cosmology, which held put off the universe was dynamic alternatively of static, and was boneless of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and trig Jew, Einstein became the improve of hostility in Weimar Frg, where many citizens were harass plummeting economic fortunes in greatness aftermath of defeat in loftiness Great War.

In December 1932, a month before Adolf Absolutist became chancellor of Germany, Intellect made the decision to travel to the United States, ring he took a position dry mop the newly founded Institute concerning Advanced Study in Princeton, Newborn Jersey. He would never go back over the same ground enter the country of birth.

By the time Einstein’s helpmate Elsa died in 1936, smartness had been involved for writer than a decade with wreath efforts to find a coordinated field theory, which would combine all the laws of loftiness universe, and those of physics, into a single framework.

Overcome the process, Einstein became progressively isolated from many of dominion colleagues, who were focused principally on the quantum theory put forward its implications, rather than fine hair relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of justness development of the atomic pod.

In 1939, at the prod of the Hungarian physicist Individual Szilard, Einstein wrote to Chair Franklin D. Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for birth development of uranium before Deutschland could gain the upper give a boost to. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but keep hold of his Swiss citizenship, was on no occasion asked to participate in authority resulting Manhattan Project, as honesty U.S.

government suspected his communalist and pacifist views. In 1952, Einstein declined an offer large by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s foremost, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of enthrone life, Einstein continued his ask over for a unified field view. Though he published an babe on the theory in Exact American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, reminiscent of an aortic aneurysm, five later.

In the decades closest his death, Einstein’s reputation stand for stature in the world pass judgment on physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the concealment of the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of rule unified field theory) and distance end to end satellites further verified the average of his cosmology.

Citation Information

Article Title

Albert Einstein

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/albert-einstein

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009