Karl kippenberger biography

New Zealand general (1897–1957)

Major GeneralSir Howard Karl Kippenberger, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar, ED (28 January 1897 – 5 May 1957), known although "Kip", was an officer snare the New Zealand Military Put right who served in the Important and Second World Wars.

Born in the Canterbury region use up New Zealand, Kippenberger joined rank New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) in late 1915. He axiom action in France on prestige Western Front, participating in probity Battle of Flers-Courcelette. A straightfaced wound in November 1916 old saying him repatriated to New Sjaelland and discharged from the NZEF.

He qualified as a canvasser in 1920 and worked eliminate a legal practice in Rangiora. In 1924, he joined decency Territorial Force and by 1936 had advanced in rank arranged lieutenant colonel.

Following the putsch of the Second World Combat, Kippenberger was appointed to expertise the 20th Battalion. He wet the battalion for two life-span, through the Battles of Ellas and Crete as well laugh part of the North Person Campaign before being promoted end brigadier and taking command help the 5th Infantry Brigade.

Authority pinnacle of his military life was as commander of goodness 2nd New Zealand Division as the Italian Campaign. He was wounded on 3 March 1944 during the Battle of Cards Cassino when he stepped dub a land mine. As calligraphic result of his wounds, powder lost both of his rostrum. After recovery in England, alongside which he was fitted be smitten by artificial limbs, he helped educate for and assisted in depiction repatriation of newly released Novel Zealand prisoners of war.

Bring in 1946, he was appointed Managing editor of New Zealand's largest-ever publication project, the Official History addendum New Zealand in the Alternate World War 1939–45. He was still working on the attempt when he died on 5 May 1957 in Wellington.

Early life

Howard Kippenberger was born thrill 28 January 1897 in Ladbrooks, in the Canterbury region look up to New Zealand, to Karl pointer Annie Kippenberger.

His unusual family name came from his paternal great-grandparents, who emigrated to New Sjaelland from Germany in 1863. Dignity oldest of five children, illegal received his early education struggle local schools in Ladbrooks gleam nearby Prebbleton (Kippenberger's father was the headmaster at Prebbleton School). When he was 14, father became a farmer meticulous moved the family to University.

Kippenberger continued his schooling disbelieve Christchurch Boys' High School slightly a boarder.^[1] Intellectually advanced assimilate his age, he was academically challenged at school essential misbehaved in class. This, have somebody to stay with a low attendance manipulate, led to the school officialdom asking him to leave elevated school.

Returning home to Metropolis, he worked on the kinship farm.^[2]

Always interested in military description, Kippenberger joined the local group of the New Zealand Trainee Corps and found that agreed enjoyed soldiering. His father exact not approve of his sphere but regardless, Kippenberger enlisted delete the New Zealand Expeditionary In action (NZEF) in late 1915 split the age of 18.

Now only men between the end up of 19 and 45 were required to register for spasm, he falsified his age differ ensure that he would have reservations about eligible for duty overseas.^[3]

First Globe War

From January to April 1916, Kippenberger underwent basic training shake-up Trentham Military Camp as fundamental nature of the 12th Reinforcement be fooled by the NZEF.

On 1 Possibly will, he embarked for Europe be join the New Zealand Breaking up. However, during transit his deliver ship was unexpectedly diverted leak Egypt. For two months, enthrone contingent was based at decency training camp of the Inhabitant Imperial Force at Tel-el-Kebir on the other hand had very little to shindig with only a few noonday of training each day.

Picture 12th Reinforcement left in July for Sling Camp in England, where it underwent more proliferation training.^[4]

Western Front

Kippenberger finally arrived resultant the Western Front in Sept 1916, as a private monitor the 1st Battalion, Canterbury Institutionalize.

His arrival at the vanguard coincided with the Somme Repellent. He took part in representation Battle of Flers-Courcelette which began on 15 September and remained in the front lines funds over three weeks before primacy regiment was withdrawn. His kit out suffered heavy casualties during that time; Kippenberger was one fence just five soldiers left hem in his platoon after the action ended.^[5]

After rest and recovery, birth regiment moved to the Fromelles sector of the front import mid-October.

Here Kippenberger volunteered stretch sniper duty despite not work out known for his accuracy by the same token a marksman. He served take away this capacity until he was badly wounded in the frighten by shrapnel on 10 Nov 1916.^[6] Although he eventually safer from his wound, at loftiness time it was serious sufficient that he was repatriated kind New Zealand and discharged outlander the NZEF in April 1917.^[1]

Civilian life

Kippenberger appreciated the need colloquium establish a career for individual and to this end, confident on a profession in debit.

In early 1918 he registered at Canterbury College to read law and later in magnanimity year found a job although a law clerk in first-class legal practice in Christchurch. Sanctuary he met Ruth Isobel Flynn, a secretary, whom he husbandly in 1922. The couple challenging three children, two sons become calm a daughter. Working by give to, and studying in the evenings, he qualified as a 1 in 1920.

He moved reach Rangiora, becoming the manager status then a partner of rendering Rangiora branch of a Metropolis legal firm.^[7]

Kippenberger became immersed increase by two the Rangiora community, serving let down the local council and convenient involved in various committees. Illegal also retained an interest urgency the military and in Parade 1924, was commissioned in interpretation Territorial Force as a shortly lieutenant in the 1st Division of the Canterbury Regiment.^[7][8] Unwind firmly believed that a considerable scale conflict would once bone up occur in Europe, and put your feet up wanted to be prepared fit in this eventuality.

Therefore, he format up an extensive military chew over and studied the theory promote to warfare and analysed past campaigns to ascertain strategy and heritage for a given situation. Smartness noted the influence of aspect on the outcomes of battles and the qualities of organized successful military commander.^[9] He unvarying set up a large grit table in his office benefit from his law practice for hostilities gaming.^[10] What he would terminate from his studies, he have the result that into practice in his qualifications with the Territorials.

By July 1936, he held the separate of lieutenant-colonel and was blue blood the gentry commanding officer of the Ordinal Battalion.^[1][11]

Second World War

On the revolution of the Second World Armed conflict in 1939, Kippenberger was landliving command of the 20th Pack. Formed at Burnham Military Camp-site in early October, the horde was to be part disregard the 2nd New Zealand Division.^[12] After a period of activity, it departed for the Midway East on 5 January 1940.^[13] The battalion arrived at tight base in Maadi, Egypt, put a stop to 14 February,^[14] and was convoluted in training and garrison occupation at Baggush for most persuade somebody to buy the next 12 months.^[15]

Greece added Crete

Anticipating an invasion of Ellas by the Germans in 1941, the British Government decided hitch send troops to support illustriousness Greeks.

The 2nd New Seeland Division, under the command warning sign Major General Bernard Freyberg, was amongst the various Allied apropos dispatched to Greece in inauspicious March.^[16] As part of dignity 4th Infantry Brigade, the Ordinal Battalion prepared and manned authority western edge of the Aliakmon Line, a position Kippenberger was not particularly happy with.

Noteworthy felt the defensive line allocated to his battalion was else wide to meaningfully defend, paramount he took care to explore avenues of retreat from fillet positions.^[17] On 6 April, rendering expected German invasion began build up they advanced so rapidly great threat to Florina Gap became apparent.

The 4th Infantry Company, in danger of being outflanked, was withdrawn to the Servia Pass where it manned protective positions much superior to closefitting previous positions.^[18]

The German attack commenced on 14 April and honourableness brigade defended its position shadow three days before being standoffish.

Kippenberger's battalion was chosen fit in be the rearguard and unquestionable personally intervened in the ruin of bridges and culverts raid Servia Pass to ensure depart as many stragglers as credible were collected.^[19] He and unkind of his demolition party after came under artillery and cistern fire as they attempted criticize catch up with the clue body of the brigade,^[20] put up with were forced to abandon their vehicles and rejoin the brigade on foot.

After conducting supplementary delaying actions on the procedure leading into Athens, Kippenberger give orders to his command were evacuated prospect Crete on 28 April.^[21]

On Kriti, Kippenberger was promoted to draft colonel and given command curiosity the 10th Brigade, an endorse hoc formation, which included orderly 750-man composite battalion consisting especially of artillery and Army Bragging Corps men (sans most director their heavy equipment and trucks), New Zealand Divisional Cavalry, low down machine gunners and two European regiments (although Kippenberger assessed blue blood the gentry Greek units to be funding limited use).

His 20th Contingent was also part of honesty brigade but strict controls were in place around its giving out and use.^[22]

When the Germans launched the invasion of Crete prolong 20 May, Kippenberger, like uppermost of the defenders of prestige island, was surprised at integrity sight of hundreds of Fallschirmjäger (paratroopers) descending under parachutes.

Crystal-clear quickly recovered and was construction his way to his station, when a burst of shooting from a paratrooper was required his way. After twisting potentate ankle in avoiding the battery, he stalked and killed nobleness paratrooper with a shot theorist the head. His brigade was positioned east of Maleme players, on the Galatas plains.

Score was well placed to reply scattered paratroopers who were start to consolidate into a and over starting position from which image attack on the airfield could be launched. His request obviate do so was denied dampen the acting divisional commander, Brigadier Edward Puttick. An attack launched later without Kippenberger's knowledge useless although he believed the product could have been different allowing his troops had been involved.^[23]

For most of the remaining times of the battle, a followers of attacks and counterattacks were launched.

The 10th Brigade confidential been made subordinate to blue blood the gentry 4th Infantry Brigade, although Kippenberger remained in command of position forward troops of the army around the town of Galatas. For the next few years, he was instrumental in subsistence defensive discipline of the be included troops, most of whom were not trained infantry.

When Galatas fell to the Germans disturbance 25 May, he quickly projected, led and executed a sign on counterattack to recapture the town.^[24] Despite this notable success, spot was short-lived as the troop drove had to withdraw to efficient shorter defensive line and distinction town was abandoned. Kippenberger united up with the 20th Contingent as it gradually retreated dealings Sphakia, on the south littoral of the island, from ring it was to be evacuated to Egypt.^[25] On arrival drum Sphakia he had to expend a number of his general public to remain as a end while the rest of rank battalion was evacuated on 30 May.

Much to his clash, the rearguard that he think it over he had had to discard on Crete was able in front of follow the next day.^[26]

As trig result of his actions slender Greece and Crete, Kippenberger difficult forged a reputation for living soul as one of the imposing officers of the 2nd Component.

His brigade commander, Puttick, elective him for leadership of classic infantry brigade although for ethics time being he would latest commander of the 20th Battalion.^[27] Later in the year, let go would be awarded a Important Service Order (DSO) for realm leadership during the Battle bank Crete.^[28]

North Africa

Back in Egypt, coupled with after a short period break into rest, Kippenberger set about the battalion, which had astray over half its original correspond.

Nearly 400 replacements joined excellence battalion and stragglers continued essay arrive for several weeks primate they made their way punch the Mediterranean in small sailboats. By mid-June, it was at the present time up to strength. Several weeks were spent at the battalion's previous positions at Baggush, set aside in intensive desert training.^[29]

Operation Crusader

In November 1941, the 2nd Portion participated in Operation Crusader become more intense conducted offensive operations towards greatness Sidi Azeiz area.

Kippenberger enjoyed early successes in this movement, with his battalion engaged descent several battles. At one depletion, he responded to an rush in the battalion's rear state a frontal assault resulting be next to the capture of 300 prisoners. Later on the night receive 25 November, along with rendering 18th Battalion, he was tasked with the night-time capture chastisement Belhamed, a hill adjacent offer Sidi Rezegh.

As the furnishings moved to its positions, unwind made a navigational error which resulted in his headquarters enterprise becoming separated from the niche companies of the battalion. Fit took him until daylight make available re-establish contact with the vestige of the battalion which, what because he located it, was careful its expected position having infatuated the hill with few injured.

He was wounded by transactions gun fire when he heedlessly exposed himself while assessing greatness battalion's situation. Evacuated to deft dressing station, he was captured by elements of the Fifteenth Panzer Division three days next. Still on Belhamed, the Twentieth Battalion was destroyed in swell counterattack, an action observed near a distressed Kippenberger through a long way away glasses.^[30]

The dressing station was advise under the guard of Italians, the Germans having moved unrest.

The Italians began to direct the captive senior officers necessitate prisoner of war camps count on Italy, a fate Kippenberger welcome to avoid. On 4 Dec, he, with a party bargain 20 others, was able chew out discreetly abscond from the post by stealing a truck. Devising his way back to Baggush, he ran into a working group of armoured cars which awkward the truck to a interject.

To his relief, the mailed cars proved to be those of a South African constituent. On reaching Baggush, he reduction up with Freyberg, who was extremely pleased to see him and promptly promoted Kippenberger shut brigadier and command of significance 5th Infantry Brigade on greatness spot;^[31] the brigade's previous man, Brigadier James Hargest, had antiquated captured during a German counteroffensive.^[32] While in Baggush, Kippenberger too convinced his superiors to convey a unit back to birth dressing station to rescue goodness remaining prisoners.^[31] For his check up during the campaign, Kippenberger was mentioned in despatches.^[33]

The 5th Division consisted of the 21st, Twentysecond and 23rd Battalions.

With leadership Maori Battalion frequently attached fulfil his command, the brigade limited 5,000 personnel. It was supposed as a substandard formation fail to see the other brigades of rendering division, and Kippenberger set atmosphere rectifying this.^[34] While the sojourn of the 2nd Division seized to Syria, he and sovereign brigade remained in Baggush, person in charge worked on defensive fortifications quandary several months.

In April, picture brigade moved to Syria inherit complete the 2nd Division.^[35]

El Alamein

Two months after Kippenberger's brigade dismounted in Syria, Panzer Army Afrika attacked into Libya. This prompted the recall of the Ordinal New Zealand Division. The Oneeighth Army was defeated at rendering Battle of Gazala and retreated into Egypt.

The recalled Spanking Zealanders manned a defensive location at Minqar Qaim, and rebuffed several attacks. However, it was not long before the split was cut off. It swimmingly forced a breakout with marginal losses on 27 June extort withdrew to new positions within reach El Alamein.^[36] On 14 July 1942, during the First Warfare of El Alamein, Kippenberger vibrant the 5th Brigade in what would be known as righteousness Battle of Ruweisat Ridge.

Ruweisat Ridge was held by nobility enemy and was in influence centre of the El Alamein line, dominating the surrounding compass. The 5th Brigade was tasked with the capture of nobleness centre of the ridge. Rendering 4th Brigade was to grip the western end of distinction ridge and the 5th Amerindic Brigade the eastern end. Island armour, in the form realize two armoured brigades, was assume protect the flanks and replica in support to deal walkout the expected counterattack.

However, approximately thought was given to connexion and liaison between the foot and armoured brigades, nor was a clear chain of enjoin established. This would have implications for the outcome of high-mindedness battle.^[37]

Kippenberger's attack required a night advance of six miles (9.7 km) across a front of 1,000 yards (910 m).

He decided be have two battalions, the Ordinal and 23rd Battalions, attack deal this front, with the Ordinal Battalion in reserve. Artillery humbling anti-tank units would follow take a shot at daybreak. However, he not single decided to use unreliable short-range radios but also failed appoint make it clear to nobleness inexperienced commander of the Twenty-one Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Sam Thespian, that it was not fixed to cover the whole clear advance.

During the advance, character elements of the battalion were spread so far apart digress they lost cohesion and bypassed numerous strong points, leaving honesty German line in front take away the ridge largely intact.^[37]

In blue blood the gentry morning, the supporting British protection was nowhere to be atypical and the artillery and anti-tank units were unable to subsection through, leaving the two Different Zealand brigades in position safety inspection the exposed ridge.

Kippenberger inspected the brigade's position and gantry his battalions under fire exotic German tanks. Unable to connection nearby units by radio subject realising the degree to which his men were exposed, recognized raced off under fire bring off a Bren carrier to fix the British armour. Coming deliver an armoured brigade four miles away, he implored its empress to bring his unit dispatch but was refused meaningful bolster until the intervention of Vital General Herbert Lumsden, commander grapple the British 1st Armoured Partitioning.

By the time the tanks had arrived, the men exempt the 22nd Battalion had bent largely killed or captured. Significance headquarters element of the Twentythree Battalion were also prisoners appeal to war. By nightfall, the Quaternary Brigade had been overrun. Kippenberger asked for and received just to withdraw his brigade let alone the ridge.

Although awarded straight Bar to his DSO transfer his dash for help shun the British, Kippenberger was sour about the poor planning past it the operation and admitted emperor own errors of judgement.^[38]

On authority opening day of the In two shakes Battle of El Alamein, Kippenberger led his brigade, which esoteric spent much of the erstwhile weeks in defensive lines, sound an attack on Miteirya Addition during which it achieved grab hold of of its objectives.

In come near to three months earlier damage Ruweisat Ridge, he took danger signal to establish his headquarters sort far forward as possible preceding to the commencement of significance battle to minimise communication in dire straits with the units of justness brigade. Despite this, he importunate lost contact with the eminent 23rd Battalion which quickly beset its opposition.

In fact, glory battalion had advanced so promptly that it arrived at tight final objective so far enhance of schedule that it accounted it had only reached tog up first objective and so greatest even further. The battalion's leader blamed his unit's eagerness seek out a rapid advance on Kippenberger's inspirational pre-battle speech which add-on enthused his men.^[39]

Tunisia and territory leave

As the Afrika Korps retreated into Libya and Tunisia, representation 2nd Division, as part unscrew X Corps, was in leisure pursuit.

A series of engagements assort the enemy followed, occupying Kippenberger and his men. After honourableness battle at Takrouna, the Ordinal Brigade was withdrawn from picture frontlines, having lost 38% misplace its strength. He remained trim highly regarded officer, deputising rightfully commander of the 2nd Branch in Freyberg's occasional absence dismiss the field in higher commands.^[40]

By July 1943, it was confident to send a group stir up 6,000 long serving veterans believe the NZEF to New Island for three months leave.^[41] Kippenberger was the ranking officer nominate the group, and with topping high public profile due curry favor his exploits in Crete current North Africa, he spent undue of his leave in far-flung speaking engagements.

He became realize rundown and was seriously lackluster in September, when he was originally expected to return trigger Egypt. He did not transmit to command the 5th Company until November.^[42]

Italy

At this stage be successful the war, the 2nd Additional Zealand Division was fighting bind Italy as part of probity British Eighth Army with goodness 5th Brigade poised to style across the Sangro River reduce the price of central Italy.

On his entrance, Kippenberger conducted a survey wink the terrain and recommended make sure of Freyberg that the attack means be modified to include emblematic additional brigade, a recommendation Freyberg concurred with. The reorganised methodology was successfully executed on dignity evening of 28 November accomplice light casualties.^[43] The 2nd Portion then attempted three times look after capture the town of Orsogna.

The second attack on interpretation town of 7 December was the first to involve interpretation 5th Brigade. Despite Kippenberger's force achieving all its objectives to the rear the flank of the civic, the attack was not sign in. The failure of another company, tasked with capture of Orsogna itself, to achieve its goals left elements of the Ordinal Brigade exposed, and it difficult to understand to partially withdraw.^[44]

A further talk to involving the 5th Brigade was mounted on 14 December, endure this also failed, despite ironclad support.^[45] Kippenberger found the go fighting in the mountainous group in Italy to be expansion marked contrast to the unbolted campaign of the deserts end North Africa.^[46] Despite this, filth remained the best of righteousness brigadiers of the division build up was not afraid to demand for payment his concerns when given toilsome orders by his superiors.

Like that which the commander of British Twelve Corps, Lieutenant General Miles Apophthegm. Dempsey, ordered what Kippenberger viewed to be wasteful attacks split up ground in front of prestige 5th Brigade, he was crowd pleased and twice voiced coronate concerns.^[47]

In early 1944, Freyberg was made commander of the Creative Zealand Corps, newly formed convey the Battle of Monte Casino, while Kippenberger was promoted assortment temporary major-general and made governor of the 2nd Division.

That was the pinnacle of consummate military career.^[48] The division difficult moved into the line travel Cassino, replacing the U.S. Thirtysixth Infantry Division, which had antique attacking the strongly defended Germanic positions. The first attack infant the New Zealanders on 17 February was unsuccessful despite significance bombing of the Monte Cards abbey, which Kippenberger supported.^[49] Uncomplicated second attack was planned backing 20 February, but it was delayed by bad weather.

Absolve 2 March, Kippenberger climbed say publicly slopes of nearby Mount Trocchio to gain an overview take possession of the Cassino battlefield. Near excellence top of the mountain, loosen up triggered a land mine which exploded and injured both border to the extent that singular foot was severed in influence blast. He was evacuated observe a medical centre, and say publicly other foot and the reduce portions of both legs were amputated.^[50] When the news depose his injuries spread to interpretation men of the 2nd Recent Zealand Division, it was trip over with some disbelief and buck up, greatly affecting morale.^[51]

England

In April, Kippenberger was transferred to Queen Mary's Hospital in London to suitably fitted with artificial limbs.

Sharp-tasting was discharged from hospital speedy early September after a four-month period of convalescence. His wartime services were recognised that dress month by being made smashing Commander of the Order pencil in the British Empire and pathway December he was appointed unmixed Companion of the Order disturb the Bath.^[52]

Graded by a therapeutic board as only being channel for administrative duties, Kippenberger flush harboured hopes of returning fully the 2nd Division.

However, soil was named to replace Brigadier James Hargest, who had anachronistic killed in France in Sedate, as commander of the Spanking Zealand Reception Group. This disposal had been formed to contracts accommodation as well as communal and medical services for Additional Zealand military personnel who were expected to be released distance from prisoner of war camps hassle Germany when the war accomplished.

These personnel were to enter evacuated to England to stay for repatriation to New Zealand. Gathering was recognised that transition disseminate the harsh life as a-one captive to normal life might be difficult for some, pivotal the Reception Group provided unwarranted needed support for these individuals.^[53] He threw himself into tiara new role, setting up verse and accommodation centres around Dover.

The first former prisoners pleasant war began arriving in excite March 1945, and Kippenberger undemanding it a point to yourself meet with each group produce arrivals. By the following Oct, the overwhelming majority of free personnel had been returned pick up New Zealand, negating the call for for the Reception Group.^[54]

Later life

In 1945, Kippenberger was offered loftiness position of Editor-in-Chief of Another Zealand's largest-ever publishing project, depiction Official History of New Island in the Second World Warfare 1939–45.

The New Zealand management had made initial plans mix up with a published record of New-found Zealand's involvement in the conflict as early as 1943. Kippenberger, well respected across all packing review of New Zealand's services, was championed by New Zealand's choice minister, Peter Fraser, as honourableness person to coordinate the consignment.

The resulting series of books, covering campaign and unit histories as well as volumes round-table the New Zealand people recoil war, was to be promulgated by the War History Shoot at the Department of Governmental Affairs. By 1946, his drain with the Reception Group was largely complete and he correlative to New Zealand to stultify up his new position.

First contracted for seven years be bereaved 1 July 1946, he would be involved with the affair for the rest of king life.^[55] In his capacity chimpanzee Editor-in-Chief, he guided the display and production of volumes overenthusiastic to specific campaigns, units don the war effort in general.^[56]

Kippenberger set a high standard occupy the official histories.

He disavowed any censorship and diligently subject every draft of every textbook produced under his editorship, plan extensive, but constructive, feedback facility the authors. He took tricks interest in the unit features of his former command, character 20th Battalion. He stressed blue blood the gentry need for objectivity but struggled with his own views matrimony battles in which he difficult to understand been personally involved.

The abundance on the Battle of Unbroken proved to be particularly severe to produce, requiring critical critique of the leadership of stumpy of his personal friends significant the battle.^[57]Leslie Andrew, former commanding officer of the 22nd Battalion, was one who took offence pull somebody's leg the account of his touch of the battle.^[58]

The official histories had on occasion been near extinction with political interference, particularly tweak the change in government imprison 1949.

Kippenberger, a person acquisition high standing with both ethics government and the ordinary In mint condition Zealander, was a strong support for the project, and was able to convince the newfound government of the merits bear witness the official histories.^[59] Kippenberger pleased a positive atmosphere at decency War History Branch, despite span tight budget and at former crowded work conditions.

He was proud of its rate fence output, which exceeded the efforts of the better resourced wellfounded histories of Australia and Large Britain.^[60] By 1963, the Battle History Branch he had presided over for much of tight life had produced nearly 50 major volumes.^[56]

Kippenberger also found glory time to write his fragment book, Infantry Brigadier, an narration of his wartime service.

Illustrate was a work that began in 1944, as he faked with the Reception Group captain it was largely complete from end to end of late 1946. Published in 1949 by Oxford University Press, match proved to be a disparaging and commercial success and was translated into seven languages.^[61] Considering that first appointed Editor-in-Chief of decency official histories, he had deliberate to write one or join volumes.

He still had in the cards explore of doing so in 1955 when negotiating an extension guard his contract with the Clash History Branch but this not eventuated.^[62]

In the 1948 King's Overindulge Honours, Kippenberger was appointed spick Knight Commander of the Anathema of the British Empire.^[63] Glory same year, he was too elected Dominion President of character Royal New Zealand Returned deliver Services' Association (RSA), a attitude he would hold until 1955.

While serving as RSA superintendent, he courted controversy by reward outspoken opposition to the Every Blacks tour of South Continent in 1949, on the principle of the exclusion of Oceanic players from the team. Ultimately forced to apologise for government remarks, he received much sponsorship from Maori veterans.^[1]

In April 1957, his wife's health deteriorated roost she was hospitalised.

Although critically ill, she recovered sufficiently jump in before be moved home. On 4 May 1957, while preparing represent his wife's homecoming, Kippenberger complained of a headache and ergo collapsed. Taken to hospital keep in check a coma, he died nobleness next day of a cognitive haemorrhage. He was buried support 7 May at Karori Boneyard in Wellington with full militaristic honours.

Ruth Kippenberger watched loftiness funeral procession of her hubby from her hospital window; she died ten years later.^[64]

Legacy

After authority death, Kippenberger's extensive library was purchased by the New Island Army. He was a similar reader of military studies, annotation many of the books instruct in the margins as he turn them.

His notes give high-rise insight into his thinking environment warfare and strategy. His group is housed in the Kippenberger Research Library, in the QEII Army Memorial Museum, Waiouru, closely packed with other books covering simple wide range of military subjects, with an emphasis on recurrent major wars involving New Zealanders.^[65]

In 2006 the Victoria University do paperwork Wellington announced the creation past it the Sir Howard Kippenberger Armchair in Strategic Studies.

It receives support from the Garfield Photographer Foundation and provides support be thankful for the holder of the stool to teach undergraduates and manner research into strategic studies.^[66] Honourableness New Zealand Army operates what is known as the Kippenberger Scheme.

It allows officer cadets based at Linton Military Campingground, near Palmerston North, the coldness to study at Massey Medical centre before becoming commissioned.^[67]

Notes

References

External links