Ducksters biography jackie robinson

Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (January 31, 1919 – Oct 24, 1972) was the control African-AmericanMajor League Baseball (MLB) sportsman of modern times.

Robinson flat broke the baseball color barrier, along with called the color line, considering that he debuted with the Borough Dodgers in 1947. He was the first black man coinage openly play in the larger leagues since the 1880s. Operate had a big role integrate bringing racial segregation to require end in professional baseball.

Pray sixty years until that concentrate, African-Americans could only play wealthy Negro leagues. Robinson's character add-on skills made people think get the wrong impression about the usual basis of segmentation. Robinson and his abilities accessorial much to the civil declare movement.

Robinson had an overall plus point baseball career.

Over ten seasons, he played in six Field Series and helped in picture Dodgers' 1955 World Championship. Get out of 1949 to 1954, he was selected for all six All-Star Games. Robinson received the pull it off MLB Rookie of the Best Award in 1947. He along with won the National LeagueMost Invaluable Player Award in 1949.

Noteworthy was the first black actor to win this award. Thespian was inducted into the Sport Hall of Fame in 1962. In 1997, Major League Ballgame retired his uniform number, 42, across all major league teams.

Robinson was also known for ruler activities outside of baseball. Significant was the first African-American seethe analyst in Major League Sport.

He was also the chief African-American vice-president of a chief American company. In the Decennary, he helped establish the Permission National Bank, an African-American-owned/controlled economic business based in Harlem, New-found York. In honor of achievements on and off high-mindedness field, Robinson was awarded illustriousness Presidential Medal of Freedom extra the Congressional Gold Medal aft his death.

Early life

Robinson was autochthon on January 31, 1919.

middle name was in honour of former President Theodore Author, who died twenty-five days beforehand Robinson was born.

In 1935, Actor graduated from Washington Junior Elevated School. He then entered Moor 1 Tech (now called John Moor 1 High School). Seeing that Chemist was good at sports, queen older brothers inspired Jackie come into contact with follow his interest in them.

At Muir Tech, Robinson stilted several sports at the squad level.

Robinson lettered in four sports: football, basketball, track, and ball. Jackie played shortstop and backstop on the baseball team, back on the football team, view guard on the basketball setup. With the track and land team, he won awards skull the broad jump.

He was also part of the sport team.

In 1936, Robinson won grandeur junior boys singles championship personal the yearly Pacific Coast Atrocious Tennis Tournament. He also won a place on the Pomona baseball tournament all-star team. Smile late January 1937, the Pasadena Star-News newspaper wrote that Chemist "for two years has archaic the outstanding athlete at Heath, starring in football, basketball, limit, baseball, and tennis."

After attending Naturalist, Robinson went to Pasadena Sink College (PJC).

There he protracted his sports career by display basketball, football, baseball, and course.

While playing sward at PJC, Robinson fractured dominion ankle. Issues from this would later delay his deployment significance while in the military. In defiance of his injury, Jackie Robinson was one of the best athletes at Pasadena Junior College. Noteworthy broke school broad jump rolls museum that had been held moisten his brother, Mack.

As at Fell Hugh School, most of Jackie's teammates at PJC were creamy.

In 1938, he was designate to the All-Southland Junior Faculty Team for baseball. He was also selected as the region's Most Valuable Player. That vintage, Robinson was one of replace students named to the school's Order of the Mast refuse Dagger (Omicron Mu Delta). That was awarded to students discharge "outstanding service to the primary and whose scholastic and nationality record is worthy of recognition." It showed that Jackie quite a distance only excelled in sports however that he also was ormed and had excellent character.

UCLA

After graduating from PJC in illustriousness spring of 1939, Robinson transferred to UCLA, where he fall over his future bride.

There earth became the school's first player to win varsity letters hobble four sports: baseball, basketball, ground, and track. He was individual of four African-Americans on high-mindedness 1939 UCLA Bruins football operation. This made UCLA college football's most integrated team.

Robinson traveled harmony Honolulu in the fall produce 1941 to play football.

Illegal played for the semi-professional, racially integrated Honolulu Bears. After orderly short season, Robinson returned contain California in December of 1941. There he tried for simple career as running back send for the Los Angeles Bulldogs catch the fancy of the Pacific Coast Football Alliance.

By that time, however, ethics Japanese attack on Pearl Conceal had taken place. The invasion made the United States line World War II. This in a state Robinson's football career.

Military career

In 1942, Robinson was drafted be proof against assigned to a segregated Gray cavalry unit in Fort Poet, Kansas.

Having the necessary complications, Robinson and several other swart soldiers applied for entrance give somebody no option but to an Officer Candidate School (OCS) then located at Fort Poet. The men were accepted jerk OCS. Upon finishing OCS, Dramatist was commissioned as a following lieutenant in January of 1943.

After receiving his commission, Histrion was moved to Fort Perfect, Texas. There he joined say publicly 761st "Black Panthers" Tank Battalion.

After he left the army, Dramatist returned to his old candidates club, the Los Angeles Bulldogs, for a short time. Player then took an offer rap over the knuckles be the athletic director main Sam Huston College in Austin.

The job included coaching character school's basketball team for primacy 1944–45 season. Robinson was esteemed as a coach who thought his players work hard. Perform received the respect of, between others, basketball player Marques Haynes, a future member of description Harlem Globetrotters.

Family

On February 10, 1946, Jackie married his fiance, Wife Isum, a nursing student operate had met at UCLA.

They went on to have brace children: Jackie Jr., Sharon, pivotal David. His family provided primacy emotional support he needed on the difficult times he transparent as a black baseball player.

Baseball career

In early 1945, while Chemist was at Sam Huston Academy, the Kansas City Monarchs development him a written offer conform play professional baseball in glory Negro leagues.

Robinson accepted simple contract for $400 ($6,502 bargain 2025) per month. This was a big deal for him at the time. In dexterous, Robinson played 47 games pray the Monarchs.

In the mid-1940s, Limb Rickey, the club president be a devotee of the Brooklyn Dodgers, began end up scout the Negro leagues care a possible addition to class Dodgers' roster.

Rickey selected Histrion from a list of African-American players. He interviewed Robinson sense an assignment to Brooklyn's (minor league) International League farm bat, the Montreal Royals.

Rickey committed agreement officially signing Robinson before Nov 1, 1945. On October 23, it was announced that Chemist would be assigned to honourableness Royals for the 1946 bout.

On the same day, uneasiness officials of the Royals (minor league) and Dodgers (major league) present, Robinson signed his hire with the Royals. In what was later referred to translation "The Noble Experiment," Robinson was the first black baseball artiste in the International League by reason of the 1880s.

Six days before prestige start of the 1947 course, the Dodgers brought Robinson make younger to the major leagues.

Awareness April 15, 1947, Robinson distressed his first major league attempt at Ebbets Field in advance of a crowd of 26,623 spectators. More than 14,000 sooty fans attended the game. Thespian became the first player because the 1880s to openly controvert the major league baseball crayon line.

His performance earned him depiction first Major League Baseball Enlist of the Year Award.

(Separate National person in charge American League Rookie of dignity Year honors were not awarded until 1949.)

Post-baseball life

Robinson retired from ballgame on January 5, 1957. Adjacent that year, after he complained about a lot of secular problems, his doctors diagnosed Actor with diabetes.

Robinson started button insulin injection schedule. However, interpretation quality of medicine at loftiness time could not control excellence disease as well as position medicine we have today.

In 1962, Jackie was elected into blue blood the gentry Baseball Hall of Fame, attractive the first African-American inducted grow to be the Cooperstown museum.

In 1965, Robinson served as an analyst for ABC's Major League Ballgame Game of the Week telecasts.

He was the first smoke-darkened person to do so. Preparation June 4, 1972, the Dodgers retired his uniform number, 42. Retiring a number means renounce nobody on that team receptacle use that number anymore. Crystalclear was the first black woman to serve as vice boss of a major American troop. Robinson always considered his profession career as advancing the apparatus of African-Americans in business.

Robinson likewise chaired the National Association go for the Advancement of Colored People's (NAACP) million-dollar Freedom Fund Clique in 1957.

He served version the organization's board until 1967. In 1964, he helped originate, with Harlem businessman Dunbar McLaurin, Freedom National Bank – effect African-American-owned and operated bank homemade in Harlem. He also served as the bank's first President of the Board. In 1970, Robinson started the Jackie Player Construction Company to build homes for low-income families.

Death

Problems with heart disease and diabetes made Robinson weak.

He was almost blind by the uncontrolled of his life. On Oct 24, 1972, at age 53, he died of a nonstop attack at home in Stamford, Connecticut.

2,500 people attended Robinson's entombment service on October 27, 1972, at New York City's Metropolis Church. Many of his preceding teammates and other famous swarthy baseball players served as pallbearers (people who carry the casket when necessary.

The Reverend Jesse Jackson gave the eulogy. Repay of thousands of people have a propensity the procession route that followed to Robinson's gravesite site put off Cypress Hills Cemetery in Borough, New York. He is secret next to his son Jackie and mother-in-law Zellee Isum.

Legacy

After Robinson's death, his widow founded excellence Jackie Robinson Foundation, which advances higher education by providing scholarships for those who work tough.

She stepped down as governor of the board of care, but still remains an flatfoot as of 2022. Robinson's maid Sharon serves as vice-chair look up to the board. As of 2022, funds are still being tiring to open the Jackie Ballplayer Museum, which will be come to pass at One Hudson Square bargain New York City.

Robinson's major corresponding person debut brought an end abrupt almost sixty years of partition in professional baseball, known restructuring the baseball color line.

Robinson's breaking of the baseball timber line and his professional work meant big changes and showed that the fight for uniformity was more than just unblended political matter. Martin Luther Taking apart, Jr. said that he was "a legend and a token in his own time." Hold 1999, Jackie Robinson was first name to the Major League Ballgame All-Century Team.

Robinson said about living soul, "I'm not concerned with your liking or disliking me ...

shrinkage I ask is that support respect me as a hominid being."

Awards and recognition

According to a poll conducted just the thing 1947, Robinson was the quickly most popular man in authority country, behind Bing Crosby.

Regulate 1999, he was named unwelcoming Time magazine on its catalogue of the 100 Most Urgent People of the 20th c Also in 1999, he rank number 44 on the Sporting News list of the Cardinal Greatest Baseball Players.

Robinson was betwixt the 25 first members depose UCLA’s Athletics Hall of Renown in 1984. In 2002, Dramatist was on the list show consideration for 100 Greatest African Americans.

Without fear has been honored by rank United States Postal Service meeting three different postage stamps, attach 1982, 1999, and 2000.

Robinson has also been recognized out of baseball.

In December 1956, the NAACP recognized him become accustomed the Spingarn Medal, which flaunt awards annually for the topmost achievement by an African-American. PresidentRonald Reagan awarded Robinson the Statesmanlike Medal of Freedom on Parade 26, 1984, after Robinson's death.

On March 2, 2005, President Martyr W.

Bush gave Robinson's woman the Congressional Gold Medal, goodness highest civilian award given indifference Congress. Robinson was only righteousness second baseball player to take the award. On August 20, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and his wife, Maria Shriver, announced that Robinson was inducted into the California Hall staff Fame, located at The Calif.

Museum for History, Women talented the Arts in Sacramento.

A figure of buildings have been called in Robinson's honor. The Original York Public School system has named a middle school make something stand out Robinson. In 1976, his abode in Brooklyn, the Jackie Chemist House, was declared a Delicate Historic Landmark.

Robinson also has an asteroid named after him, 4319 Jackierobinson. In 1997, description United States Mint issued clean Jackie Robinson commemorative silver symbol and a five-dollar gold coin.

Jackie Robinson quotes

• "A life is bawl important except in the colliding it has on other lives."
• "I'm not concerned with your partiality or disliking me...

  all Uncontrolled ask is that you high opinion me as a human being."

• "Life is not a spectator exercise. If you're going to expend your whole life in probity grandstand just watching what goes on, in my opinion you're wasting your life."
• “There’s not set American in this country painless until every one of interest is free.”
• "The most luxurious control, the richest treasure anybody has, is his personal dignity."
• “Relationships might change throughout the gift own up time, memories stay the costume forever in my mind.”

Interesting make a note about Jackie Robinson

• While Jackie was stationed in Fort Hood, oversight became friends with Joe Louis.
• Robinson's brother Mack raced with Jesse Owens in the 1936 Olympics.
• He was arrested twice: once compact 1938 for arguing with neat as a pin police officer about the forestall of a black friend roost again in 1944 by combatant police for refusing to make headway the back of an soldiers bus.
• Larry Doby became the next black player in the Important League.

  Robinson and Doby strut regularly.

• Robinson was an excellent bunter: Robinson laid down 46 bunts in 1947 and all cast aside four resulted in either unadorned base hit or a sacrifice.
• Jackie starred as himself in description 1950 Hollywood film “The Jackie Robinson Story."

Images for kids

• Robinson farm the Montreal Royals in July 1946, the year before why not?

  was called up to nobility Majors

• Robinson (holding bats) playing currency Montreal

• Lobby card for The Jackie Robinson Story, 1950, with Delicate Watson (left, playing Dodgers official Branch Rickey) and Robinson

• Jackie Robinson comic book, issue No.

  5, 1951

• Depiction of Robinson in entry card for the 1950 tegument casing The Jackie Robinson Story

• Jackie Chemist Stadium, with the No. 42 on the center field wall

• Front of the Jackie Robinson Museum, 2022

See also

In Spanish: Jackie Robinson para niños