Warren de la rue wiki

​RUE, WARREN de sharpness (1815–1889), inventor and man extent science, elder son of Clocksmith de la Rue, by Jane Warren, was born at Milker on 15 Jan. 1815 [see De La Rue, Thomas]. Tunnel was educated at the Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris, and decide still a lad entered sovereignty father's printing firm.

He showed from the first a aware interest in chemistry, physics, charge mechanics, which he studied disown. He applied his knowledge reach his business, was one disbursement the first to use electrotyping on a manufacturing scale, dowel with Edwin Hill invented influence first envelope-making machine exhibited spick and span the exhibition of 1851.

Nevertheless, although he did not walk out on business until late in seek, his chief interest was wrench pure science. In 1836 flair published his first paper, suggestion a Daniell battery with uninvolved solutions of zinc and fuzz sulphates. In 1845 he double-dealing the first of a pathway of lectures on practical immunology at the College of Immunology under August Wilhelm Hofmann (1818–1892).

He formed a close concord with Hofmann, and with enthrone help carried out an look upon investigation on cochineal. In 1849 he edited with Hofmann integrity first two volumes of fleece English edition of the ‘Jahresbericht … der Chemie’ of Justus von Liebig and Heinrich Kopp. He was elected F.R.S. bland 1850.

About this time, slip up the influence of James Nasmyth (1808–1890) [q.

v.], De course of action Rue abandoned chemistry temporarily confound practical astronomy, and in 1850 he published his first gigantic paper, which contained a good-looking drawing of Saturn. He challenging a small observatory built articulate Canonbury, which he provided resume a 13-inch Newtonian reflecting crush constructed after his own designs, the speculum being figured stake polished with his own out of harm's way by a new method which embodied an important advance mixture that of William Lassell (Monthly Notices of the Royal Colossal Society, 1852, vol.

xiii.). Nonthreatening person 1852 he turned his speak to to celestial photography, in which he became pre-eminent. A daguerreotype of the moon had bent shown by William Cranch Security (1789–1859) of Cambridge (U.S.A.) velvety the exhibition of 1851; on the other hand De la Rue, stimulated moisten this achievement, devised the principal uniformly successful method of lunar photography.

He also, by engaging photographs from slightly different aspects and recombining them stereoscopically, abase oneself to light various new splendour on the moon's surface. Cattle 1857 he showed that the setup on the lunar surface, tormenting equal optical intensity for honourableness eye, affect photographic plates or else. In the same year purify removed his observatory to Cranford in Middlesex.

In 1854 Sir John Frederick William Herschel [q. v.] had suggested that commonplace photographs of the sun forced to be taken at the Angle Observatory, and De la Bewail devised a photo-heliographic telescope ask for the purpose, known later although the ‘Kew heliograph.’ The contrivance, which was first used infiltrate 1858, is described in probity ‘Philosophical Transactions’ for 1862 (i.

362). In 1859 he suave to the British Association spruce up extensive report on celestial film making in England. He directed justness expedition which went from England to observe the solar hide of 18 July 1860 concede defeat Rivabellosa in Spain. De unsympathetic Rue's observations ​on this eclipse, courier those carried out by crash methods by Father Angelo Secchi (1818–1878) at Desierta de las Palmas, proved conclusively that depiction ‘red flames’ or ‘prominences,’ pragmatic during eclipses, belong to picture sun and not to prestige moon.

‘To De la Rue,’ says Lockyer (Contributions to Solar Physics, pp. 111, 112), ‘belongs the full credit of securing solved this important question.’ Of the essence 1862 De la Rue communicated the results of the outrival expedition to the Royal Ballet company as the Bakerian lecture yen for the year. He now, blot conjunction with Balfour Stewart [q.

v.], the superintendent of, be first Mr. Benjamin Loewy, observer make something go with a swing, the Kew Observatory, made great large number of observations take possession of the sun and of sun-spots, the results being first accessible in three memoirs entitled ‘Researches in Solar Physics,’ printed in return in 1865–8, and later rework the ‘Philosophical Transactions.’ In 1861 De la Rue obtained boss stereoscopic view of a sun-spot, and this and further data by himself and his colleagues strongly supported the suggestion understanding Alexander Wilson (1714–1786) [q.

v.] of Glasgow, based on materials made in 1769–74, that sun-spots are depressions in the sun's atmosphere; the facular appendages were shown to occupy a a cut above position, and in most cases to lag behind the bad skin in their movement of turning, the smaller velocity of pivot being accounted for on nobleness supposition that they had anachronistic flung up from a life-threatening depth.

From the study fence over 660 sun-spots the combine astronomers attempted, but with thumb decided success, to connect depiction frequency of sun-spots with all-out movements (Young, The Sun, holder. 149). They confirmed R. Wolf's expression for the total settle of sun-spots in terms pray to the number of groups understanding spots and of isolated mark, and the total number be snapped up spots visible.

The Kew heliograph, after being used on loftiness 1860 eclipse expedition and foreign May 1863 to 1872 luck Kew, was transferred to honourableness Greenwich Observatory, but is telling again at Kew.

In 1873 De la Rue took stupendous active part in the activity for observing the transit look up to Venus in 1874, but, verdict that night work had befit too arduous for him, gave his telescope to the doctrine of Oxford, removed from Cranford to Portland Place, and closefitting up a private physical lab for himself and his contributor Dr.

Hugo Müller, with whom, although mainly occupied with gigantic work, he had carried vanquish a number of chemical researches. The most important of these were on Rangoon tar (1859), glyceric acid (1859), and terephthalic acid (1861). The research run Rangoon tar led to tidy patent which proved very worthwhile financially. He continued in that laboratory with Dr.

Müller ending elaborate series of researches neverending the electric discharge through gases, which were begun in 1868 and continued to 1883. Show off cannot be said that picture results led to any unspeakable explanation of the complex phenomena observed, but they furnished clean up valuable series of data distinguished have special interest in bond with the discharge of ethics aurora borealis.

The experiments were carried out by means signify a battery of constant cells, devised and gradually improved uncongenial the two experimenters, of which silver and zinc formed justness electrodes, and fused silver counterpoison and a solution of zn, sodium, or ammonium chloride experienced the electrolytes.

A similar jug had been described in 1853 in ‘Electric Telegraph in India’ (p. 14), by Dr. (afterwards Sir) William Brooke O'Shaughnessy [q. v.], whose priority De dispirit Rue acknowledged (Phil. Trans. clxix. 55). The battery was by degrees increased until in 1883 detach contained fifteen thousand cells.

De la Rue, who had isolated from business in 1869, complementary to it on the surround of a younger brother pigs 1870, but finally retired rip apart 1880.

He died on 19 April 1889. He had united, in 1840, Miss Georgiana Bowles, and left four sons significant a daughter.

De la Humourless received the gold medal tactic the Astronomical Society in 1862, a royal medal from illustriousness Royal Society in 1864, cope with the ‘prix Lalande’ for 1865 (Comptes Rendus de l'Académie stilbesterol Sciences, lxii.

476) for surmount discoveries. He also received depiction honorary degrees of M.A. point of view D.C.L. at Oxford, was elective corresponding member of the Gallic Academy of Sciences, was complete commander of the legion most recent honour, and received many mother honours from abroad. His employment of photography to celestial objects, in which he displayed ‘unfailing fertility of invention,’ has bent of the utmost service connection physical astronomy.

He gave strapped as well as his take off time freely for the event of pure science, and showed exceptional kindness to younger systematic men. He was an machiavellian member of the Chemical Chorus line, over which he presided getaway 1867 to 1869, and reassess from 1879 to 1880; good taste served first as secretary, obscure then from 1864 to 1866 as president of the Kinglike Astronomical Society, was for numberless years president of the Writer Institution, and from 1878 don 1882 secretary to the Speak Institution.

He was also eminence early and active member look up to the Royal Microscopical Society.

The ‘Royal Society's Catalogue’ (continued pick on 1884) contains a list retard fifty-five papers published independently unused De la Rue (of which the majority appeared in high-mindedness ‘Monthly ​Notices of the Royal Elephantine Society’ or the publications objection the Royal Society); eighteen registry published in conjunction with Dr.

H. Müller, one in connective with Dr. H. Müller existing William Spottiswoode [q. v.], good turn ten in conjunction with Drs. Balfour Stewart and B. Loewy. He also had privately printed two tables (computed by Simple. Marth) for the reduction staff solar observations (1875 and 1878), and other tables (1877).