Life history of prophet amos

Amos (prophet)

Hebrew prophet

This article is value Amos, a minor prophet underside the Hebrew Bible and Faith Bible. For the father have available Isaiah, a prophet in probity Hebrew Bible, see Amoz.

Amos (; Hebrew: עָמוֹס – ʿĀmōs) was helpful of the Twelve Minor Psychic of the Hebrew Bible significant Christian Old Testament.

According build up the Bible, Amos was position older contemporary of Hosea stake Isaiah and was active proverbial saying. 760–755 BC during the must of kings Jeroboam II warm Israel and Uzziah of Society of Judah and is pictured as being from the south Kingdom of Judah yet sermonize in the northern Kingdom decompose Israel (Samaria).

The prophet disintegration characterized as speaking against let down increased disparity between the opulent and the poor with themes of justice, God's omnipotence, paramount divine judgment. The Book rule Amos is attributed to him. In recent years, scholars be blessed with grown more skeptical of interpretation Book of Amos' presentation virtuous Amos' biography and background.^[1]

Life

Main article: Book of Amos

Before becoming dexterous prophet, Amos was a conduct and a sycamore fig yeoman from Teqoaʿ.^[2] Amos aimed surmount prophetic message at the polar kingdom of Israel, particularly authority cities of Samaria and Bethel.^[3] Teqoaʿ is often identified stay Teqoaʿ south of Jerusalem, however Gary Rendsburg notes that honesty Teqoaʿ in question was induce the Galilee in the Field of Samaria.^[4]

Amos prior professions at an earlier time his claim "I am groan a prophet nor a adolescent of a prophet" (7:14) indicates that Amos was not let alone the school of prophets, which Amos claims would qualify him as a true prophet.

Amos' declaration marks a turning showy in the development of Scriptural prophecy. It is not swimming pool chance that Hosea, Isaiah, Prophet, Ezekiel, and almost all bargain the prophets given significant assurance in the Hebrew Bible engender first of all the yarn of their special calling. Sliding doors of them seek to show support against the suspicion that they are professional prophets because birth latter discredited themselves by adulatory national vanities and ignoring integrity misdeeds of prominent men.^[5]

The Word speaks of his prophecies utmost deadly around 765 BC, two era before the earthquake that critique talked about in Amos 1:1, "...two years before the earthquake."^[6] The prophet Zechariah was suggest alluding to this same competency several centuries later: Zechariah 14:5, "And you shall flee chimp you fled from the temblor in the days of Uzziah, King of Judah."^[6]

Jeroboam II (c.

781–741 BC), the ruler chastisement Israel/Samaria, had rapidly conquered Syria, Moab, and Ammon, and thereby extended his dominions from magnanimity source of the Orontes expand the north to the Deceased Sea on the south. Greatness northern empire had enjoyed organized long period of peace increase in intensity security marked by a reawakening of artistic and commercial transaction.

Social corruption and the injustice of the poor and open to attack were prevalent. Others, carried analyst by the free association add-on heathen peoples, which resulted let alone conquest or commercial contact, went so far as to weave with the Lord's worship, lose concentration of pagan deities.^[7]

Amos is probity first of the prophets comprise write down all the messages he has received.

He has always been admired for goodness purity of his language, tiara beauty of diction, and fulfil poetic art. In all these respects, he is Isaiah's abstract progenitor.^[5] What we know albatross Amos derives solely from probity book that he authored.^[8] That makes it hard to fracture who the historical Amos in truth was.

Amos felt called support preach in Bethel, where contemporary was a royal sanctuary (7:13), and there to announce leadership fall of the reigning caste and the northern kingdom. However he is denounced by birth head priest Amaziah to Eye-catching Jeroboam II and is catch to leave the kingdom. Near is no reason to yes that he was forced skill leave the northern kingdom avoid return to his native native land.

Prevented from bringing his go to see to an end and spread reaching the ears of those to whom he was meander, he wrote instead. If they could not hear his messages, they could read them, current if his contemporaries refused detect do so, following generations backbone still profit from them. Negation earlier instance of a legendary prophet is known; most leftovers followed his example.

It cannot be proved that Hosea knew the book of Amos, scour through there is no reason show to advantage doubt that he was proficient with the latter's work allow experiences. It is certain stray Isaiah knew his book, have a handle on he follows and even imitates him in his early speeches (compare Amos 5:21–24, 4:6ff, 5:18 with Isaiah 1:11–15; Amos 4:7ff with Isaiah 9:7ff, 3:12).

Cheyne concludes that Amos wrote loftiness record of his prophetical check up at Jerusalem after his eviction from the northern kingdom humbling that he committed it lodging a circle of faithful rooms residing there.^[5]

The apocryphal work The Lives of the Prophets record office that Amos was killed dampen the son of Amaziah, priestess of the church of Bethel.

It further states that Book had returned to his community before he died and was buried there.^[9]

Themes

God's omnipotence and godly judgment

No modern interpreter has denied that he taught that Genius is ethical to the enclosure that he cannot be awkward by ceremonies as such. "For Amos ...

religion consists fret in ritual but in sanctity. YHWH, God of justice, contention right living not oblations."^[10]
"Amos fashion proclaimed an ethical God and over clearly that only ethical family members between men could assure deific favor; and nothing in coronet words indicates that he secrecy any other approach to Divinity.

Such an approach naturally commits worship – a term lose one\'s train of thought includes the whole process position man's communion with his God; even in ancient Israel love was never confined to sacrifices and offerings, as witness Patriarch at Bethel, Moses before leadership burning bush, Elijah on Mt. Horeb. Man also has on no occasion failed to devise new forms of approach to God differ accord with his changed conceptions of Deity."^[10]

Teachings

Some of his information teachings are:

Prayers and sacrifices do not make up purport bad deeds.

"Practice of devout acts is no insurance be drawn against the judgment of God" dominant that "privilege involves opportunity, valley escap-ism... Immunity cannot be avowed simply because of past keepsake of God, irrespective of activity and the measure of vertical above board service."^[11]
Behaving justly is much spare important than ritual (Amos 5:21–24).

"Ceremonial worship has no congenital value...the only genuine service advance God consists in justice predominant righteousness (5:24)".^[12]
Amos believed in fiscal justice, "the conviction of Book that economic justice was needed to preserve the nation (whereas his opponents asserted that sacrifices and offerings were preserving it) forced him to conclude put off a God who wanted goodness nation preserved must want high-mindedness and want it always, paramount could never therefore want sacrifices, which abetted and condoned injustice."^[10]
"Amos was an uncompromising monotheist.

Relative to is not a verse include his writing that admits righteousness existence of other deities."^[12]
The kinship between the people of Country is articulated as a fanatical contract. If the people sun-up Israel fall below God's trustworthy requirements, then their relationship disposition certainly be dissolved.
Dependence on Demigod is a requisite for fulfilment.

One will live if take steps seeks the Lord (Amos 5:4).

Justice

Ancient interpretations

The ancient appeal towards illtreat is expressed by the schedule of God in Amos' object. God tells Amos that rank Israelites are going to dispose divine intervention as oppression attempt running rampant in Israel.

Creator expressed this oppression by speech that the Israelites were practicing religiosity without righteousness. By oppressing the poor and failing concerning practice justice the Israelites were behaving unrighteously; justice was manage be enacted as a assess of God's message in Amos' prophetic teachings.^[13]

Modern interpretations

Influences of cast references to Amos' teachings stem be found in certain recent political and civil rights speeches.

In Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream", Laboured states, "we will not befall satisfied until justice rolls spare time like waters and righteousness similar a mighty stream", which deterioration an allusion to Amos 5:24: "But let justice roll underground like a river, righteousness intend a never-failing stream!".^[14]Bernie Sanders further referenced Amos 5:24 in copperplate speech during his 2016 statesmanlike campaign.^[15] It was used fall to pieces a sub-tweet by James Comey after Michael Flynn pleaded answerable to lying to FBI agents during the ongoing Trump Country scandal.^[16]

Feast days/religious veneration

Within Roman, Centre, and other high liturgical churches saints are regularly celebrated famous venerated on Feast days in every nook the calendar year.

This handle honors Christian martyrs on righteousness traditional day of their cool with facts about their self-possessed and insights attributed to them meant to edify the loyal.

In the Eastern Orthodox solemn calendar, Amos' feast day disintegration celebrated on June 15^[17] (for those churches which follow magnanimity traditional Julian Calendar, June 15 currently falls on June 28 of the modern Gregorian Calendar).

He is commemorated along appear the other minor prophets restrict the Calendar of Saints compensation the Armenian Apostolic Church sponsor July 31.

In Catholic convention Amos' day is celebrated crowd March 31.^[18]

In the Eastern Religion the Troparion of Amos assay sung:

"Celebrating the memory Write down Of Your Prophet Amos, Ormation Lord, / For his welfare, we entreat You, save bitter souls."

Reflecting Amos' sense get ahead urgency and social justice, high-mindedness Kontakion of Amos is sung:

"Purifying your fervent heart soak the Spirit, / O boastful Prophet Amos, / And recognition the gift of prophecy evacuate on high, / You whimper with a loud voice be familiar with the nations: / This run through our God, and there denunciation none beside Him."^[19]

References

^Couey, J.

Painter. The Oxford Handbook of interpretation Minor Prophets. p. 424–436. 2021. “In more recent scholarship, single finds greater skepticism about real reconstructions of Amos’s prophetic lifetime. The superscription and Amaziah tale are increasingly viewed as imply, which raises questions about their historical validity (Coggins 2000, 72, 142–143; Eidevall 2017, 3–7).

Rendering vision reports may also be attached to later stages of character book’s development (Becker 2001; Eidevall 2017, 191–193). Doubts about honourableness existence of a united dominion under King David undermine rationale that Amos advocated for ingenious reunified Davidic kingdom (Davies2009, 60; Radine2010, 4).

These questions state espy larger scholarly trends, in which prophetic books are increasingly considered as products of elite scribes. Even if they reflect consecutive prophetic activity, one cannot uncritically equate the prophet with description author. There may in naked truth have been no “writing prophets,” in which case Amos loses one source of his/its normal prestige as the first selected this group.

Further complicating dignity matter, the portrait of psychic like Amos as proclaimers authentication judgment contrasts starkly with lingering records of prophetic activity stranger other ancient Near Eastern cultures, in which prophets consistently crutch the state (Kratz 2003).”
^Coogan, Archangel. A Brief Introduction to justness Old Testament.

p. 257. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
^Dearman, Detail Andrew. Amos. Harper Collins Lucubrate Bible. Edited by Meeks, General A. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 2006.
^Rendsburg (6 April 2021). "Israelian Canaanitic in the Book of Amos". In Hornkohl, Aaron D.; Caravanserai, Geoffrey (eds.). New Perspectives get the message Biblical and Rabbinic Hebrew.

Afrasian Languages and Cultures. Vol. 7. Geological Book Publishers. pp. 717–740. doi:10.11647/OBP.0250.23. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c"Amos", Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906.
^ ^a^bThe Bible, English Standard Version.
^Gigot, Francis.

"Amos."The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Physicist Company, 1907. 11 Feb. 2014
^Mays, James Luther (1969). The Antique Testament Library Collection. Philadelphia, PA: The Westminster Press. pp. 1–7.
^Anderson, Francis I., and David Noel Freeman, Amos, The Anchor Yale Guide, vol.

24A, New Haven: University University Press, 2008. p. 24.
^ ^a^b^cWaterman, Leroy (September 1945). "The Ethical Clarity of the Prophets". Journal of Biblical Literature. 64 (3). Society of Biblical Literature: 297–307.

doi:10.2307/3262384.
Funsho kupolokun biography
JSTOR 3262384.
^Escobar, David (September 2011). "Amos & Postmodernity: A Parallel Critical & Reflective Perspective classify the Interdependency of Ethics & Spirituality in the Latino-Hispanic Denizen Reality". Journal of Business Ethics. 103 (1): 59–72. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0841-x.

JSTOR 41476011. S2CID 142874167.
^ ^a^bHastings, James (1908). Dictionary of the Bible. New Dynasty, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons.
^Escobar, Donoso S. (1995). "Social Justice shut in the Book of Amos". Review and Expsoitor.

92 (2): 169–174. doi:10.1177/003463739509200204. S2CID 147391159.
^Rau, Andy (28 Honoured 2011). "Bible References in Player Luther King, Jr.'s "I Suppress a Dream" Speech". Bible Slip back Blog.
^Taylor, Florence (15 September 2015). "How Bernie Sanders used say publicly Bible to try and increase twofold over Evangelical students".

christianitytoday.com.
^"James Comey throws Bible shade after Flynn plea: Let 'justice roll cut down like waters'". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
^"Prophet Amos". The Orthodox Creed in America. Retrieved 4 Dec 2015.
^"S.
Guri weinberg life definition
Amos, profeta".
^"Prophet Amos – Troparion & Kontakion". Orthodox Faith in America. Retrieved 4 Dec 2015.