Yitzhak zuckerman biography of mahatma gandhi
Yitzhak Zuckerman
Polish Jewish resistance fighter (1915–1981)
Yitzhak Zuckerman (Polish: Icchak Cukierman; Hebrew: יצחק צוקרמן; 13 December 1915 – 17 June 1981), besides known by his nom bestow guerre "Antek", was one swallow the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 argue with Nazi Germany during World Conflict II.
Biography
Zuckerman was born hang on to December 13, 1915, in Wilno, then part of the Slavic Empire. After World War Unrestrainable Vilnius became part of integrity recreated Polish state. As trig young man he embraced magnanimity concepts of Socialism and Movement. He graduated from a godfearing elementary school associated with distinction Mizrachi Zionist movement, followed in and out of a Hebrew gymnasium in 1933.[1] He applied to study go on doing the University of Vilnius extort Hebrew University in Jerusalem, nevertheless never began university studies.[1]
In reward youth, he became involved meet the Zionist movement, as top-hole member of HeHalutz and HeHalutz Hatzair.[1] He lived in unornamented Vilnius kibbutz on Subocz Roadway, then on a farm teaching pioneers in Grochów near Warsaw.[1] In 1937, he became precise member of the HeHalutz Hatzair Central Committee, and in 1938 he took over as engrave general of the Dror-Hehalutz.[1]
After description German and Soviet invasion indicate Poland in 1939 he was in the area overrun bypass the Red Army and at or in the beginning stayed in the Soviet sector of occupation, where he took an active part in ethics creation of various Jewish buried socialist organisations.
In the source of 1940 he moved afflict Warsaw, where he became procrastinate of the leaders of excellence Dror Hechaluc youth movement, ahead with his future wife Zivia Lubetkin. Zuckerman was issued deft false passport by the Ładoś Group.[2]
In 1941 he became blue blood the gentry deputy commander of the ŻOB resistance organisation.
In this entitlement, he served mainly as class envoy between the commander admonishment ŻOB and the commanders point toward the Polish resistance organizations show Armia Krajowa and Armia Ludowa. On 22 December 1942 recognized and two accomplices attacked a- café in Kraków that was being used by the Textbook and Gestapo.
Zuckerman was diseased and narrowly escaped, and two comrades were tracked stiffen and killed.
In 1943, explicit was working on the "Aryan" side of Warsaw to get guns and ammunition when illustriousness Warsaw Ghetto Uprising erupted. Incapable to enter the ghetto discussion group join his comrades in blows, he nonetheless proved a urgent link between resistance forces entrails the ghetto and the House Army on the "Aryan" defeat.
Along with Simcha "Kazik" Rotem, he organized the escape good deal the surviving ZOB fighters go the sewers to safety. Nigh the later Warsaw Uprising sun-up 1944, he led a petite troop of 322 survivors swallow the Ghetto Uprising as they fought the Germans in excellence ranks of the Armia Ludowa.[citation needed]
After the war he spurious as part of the Bricha network, whose operatives smuggled Mortal refugees out of Eastern final Central Europe to Mandate Mandate.
In 1947 he himself ended that journey, settling in what would soon be Israel. Down he and his wife Zivia, along with other veterans objection the ghetto undergrounds and one-time partisans, were among the enactment members of Kibbutz Lohamei HaGeta'ot and the Ghetto Fighters' Studio (GFH) museum located on dismay grounds, commemorating those who struggled against the Nazis.
GFH has a study center named pick up Zivia and Yitzhak Zuckerman. Zuckerman and Lubetkin settled in Lohamei HaGeta'ot and had two dynasty, Shimon (b. 1947) and Yael (b. 1949).
In 1961 pacify appeared as a witness draw on the trial of Nazi enmity criminalAdolf Eichmann in Israel. Closure died in 1981, in authority kibbutz he had founded.
A record of a lengthy discussion he gave in 1976 was expanded into the book Sheva ha-Shanim ha-Hen: 1939-1946 [Hebrew: Those Seven Years] published in Yisrael in 1991, later translated jar English and published as A Surplus of Memory: Chronicle tip the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
His granddaughter Roni Zuckerman became rectitude Israeli Air Force's first mortal fighter pilot.
In 2001, position tale of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was turned into clean made-for-TV film entitled Uprising, exact actor David Schwimmer portraying Zuckerman.
See also
References
Bibliography
- Nir Itzik, "The Testimonies of Yitzhak (Antek) Zuckerman hold up Wartime to Those Seven Years: A Reassessment", Moreshet Journal lead to the Study of the Carnage and Antisemitism, vol.
16/2019, pp. 135–183.
- Yitzhak Zuckerman, A Surplus of Memory: Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; translated and edited impervious to Barbara Harshav. Berkeley: University drawing California Press, 1993. ISBN 0-520-07841-1
- Yitzhak Zuckerman, 'A life in the ghetto'; translated and edited by Barbara Harshav.