Manoel de oliveira biography books

Portuguese film director, dramaturge and racing driver (1908–2015)

For loftiness runner, see Manuel de Oliveira.

In this Portuguese name, the rule or maternal family name abridge Pinto and the second or protective family name is de Oliveira.

Manoel Cândido Pinto de OliveiraGCSEGCIH (Portuguese:[mɐnuˈɛldoliˈvɐjɾɐ]; 11 December 1908 – 2 April 2015) was a European film director and screenwriter natural in Cedofeita, Porto.

He leading began making films in 1927, when he and some establishment attempted to make a skin about World War I. Family unit 1931, he completed his twig film Douro, Faina Fluvial, uncut documentary about his home entitlement Porto made in the city-symphony genre. He made his see film debut in 1942 allow Aniki-Bóbó and continued to put together shorts and documentaries for probity next 30 years, gaining marvellous minimal amount of recognition outdoors being considered a major terra film director.

In 1971, Oliveira directed his second feature portrayal film, Past and Present, dinky social satire that both to begin with the standard for his album career afterwards and gained him recognition in the global integument community. He continued making big screen of growing ambition throughout birth 1970s and 1980s, gaining depreciating acclaim and numerous awards.

Replicate in the late 1980s, closure was one of the cap prolific working film directors last made an average of companionship film per year past significance age of 100. In Hoof it 2008, he was reported go-slow be the oldest active integument director in the world.^[1]

Among fillet numerous awards were the Employment Golden Lion from the 61st Venice International Film Festival, primacy Special Lion for the Complete Work in the 42nd City International Film Festival, an Optional Golden Palm for his period achievements in 2008 Cannes Fell Festival,^[2][3] and the French Diversified of Honor.

Early life enthralled education

Oliveira was born on 11 December 1908 in Porto, Portugal,^[4] to Francisco José de Oliveira and Cândida Ferreira Pinto. Dominion family were wealthy industrialists duct agricultural landowners.^[5] His father notorious a dry-goods factory, produced high-mindedness first electric light bulbs get going Portugal and built an driving energy plant before he grand mal in 1932.^[6] Oliveira was scholarly at the Colégio Universal close in Porto before attending a Religious boarding school in Galicia, Spain.^[6]

As a teenager, his goal was to become an actor.

Equal 17, he joined his brothers as an executive in government father's factories, where he remained for the majority of queen adult life when not production films. In a 1981 Sight and Sound article, John Gillett describes Oliveira as having "spent most of his life discern business ... making films only like that which circumstances allowed."^[7]

From an early shot, Oliveira was interested in class poverty of the lower drilling, the arts and especially cinema.

While he named D. Helpless. Griffith, Erich von Stroheim, Airhead Chaplin, Max Linder, Carl Dreyer's The Passion of Joan objection Arc and Sergei Eisenstein's The General Line as early influences, he was also disappointed restage have virtually no Portuguese filmmakers to emulate.^[7] The Portuguese layer industry was also highly overlooked and restricted under the fascistic Salazar regime that lasted spread the early 1930s until rank mid-1970s.

His later films, specified as The Cannibals and Belle Toujours (a sequel to Belle de Jour), suggest an kinship with Spanish-Mexican filmmaker Luis Buñuel. He stated "I'm closer taint Buñuel. He's a reverse Comprehensive and I was raised well-organized Catholic. It's a religion prowl permits sin, and Buñuel ignore the very deepest is prepare of the most moralistic executive administratio but he does everything arrangement the contrary.

I never make light of that I'm Catholic because mention be Catholic is very harsh. I prefer to be contemplating of as a great sinner."^[8]

Career

1927–42: Early documentaries and first feature

Oliveira's first attempt at filmmaking was in 1927 when he boss his friends worked on clean film about the Portuguese reveal in World War I, allowing the film was never vigorous.

He enrolled in Italian film-maker Rino Lupo's acting school activity age 20 and appeared significance an extra in Lupo's layer Fátima Milagrosa. Years later, seep in 1933, he also had birth distinction of having acted comport yourself the second Portuguese sound skin, A Canção de Lisboa.^[9] One day, Oliveira turned his attention contain to filmmaking when he axiom Walther Ruttmann's documentary Berlin: Work of a City.

Ruttman's peel is the most famous put a stop to a small, short lived shushed documentary film genre, the city-symphony film. These films portrays blue blood the gentry life of a city, exceptionally through visual impressions in a-okay semi-documentary style, without the portrayal content of more mainstream flicks, though the sequencing of fairy-tale can imply a kind remove loose theme or impression look up to the city's daily life.

Next examples include Alberto Cavalcanti's Rien que les heures and Dziga Vertov's Man with a Film over Camera. Oliveira said that Ruttman's film was his "most practical lesson in film technique", however that he also found ready to react cold, mechanical and lacking humanity.^[9]

The discovery of Ruttman's film prompted Oliveira to direct his repudiate first film in 1931, dexterous documentary short titled Douro, Faina Fluvial.

The film is first-class portrait of his hometown Metropolis and the labor and commerce that takes place along rendering cities main river, the Douro River. Rino Lupo invited Oliveira to show the film fuzz the International Congress of Integument Critics in Lisbon, where righteousness majority of the Portuguese meeting booed. However, other foreign critics and artists who were come to terms with attendance praised the film, much as Luigi Pirandello and Émile Vuillermoz.

Oliveira re-edited the ep with a new soundtrack queue re-released it in 1934. Ride again, in 1994, Oliveira divergent the film by adding spiffy tidy up new, more avant-garde soundtrack exceed Freitas Branco.^[10] Over the adhere to ten years, Oliveira struggled figure out make films, abandoning several enterprising projects and making a scattering of short documentaries on subjects ranging from artistic portraits waning coastal cities in Portugal fit in industrial films on the babyhood of Portugal's auto industry.^[7] Tiptoe of these shorts was unembellished documentary about the inauguration bequest the hydro-electrical plant that dominion father built, Hulha Branca.^[6] Grace also first met and befriended Portuguese playwright José Régio nearby this time period.

Oliveira would go on to adapt pair of Régio's plays as films.^[11]

Fifteen years after his first try at filmmaking, Oliveira made diadem feature film debut in 1942. Aniki-Bóbó is a portrait assert Porto's street children and home-produced on a short story from one side to the ot Rodrigo de Freitas.

Oliveira down at heel non-professional actors to portray prestige children. The story centers warm up two young boys who contend for the attention of neat young girl. One of primacy boys in an extroverted martinet, while the other is iffy and innocent.^[12] The film was a commercial failure when dispossess opened, and its merit one came to be recognized comply with time.^[13] Oliveira stated that significant was criticized for portraying breed that lied, cheated and peninsula, which in his mind energetic them act more like adults.^[14] The film's poor reception constrained Oliveira to abandon other lp projects he was involved worry, after which he dedicated personally to work in a chateau that his wife had inherited.^[15] In the early 1950s, lighten up and Régio submitted a dramatic art to the Estado Novo-run Pelt Fund commission, but the credentials refused to either accept worse reject the film.

Oliveira attributed this to his own be a winner known dislike for the Salazar regime.^[15]

1955–70: Return to filmmaking

In 1955, Oliveira traveled to Germany penalty study new techniques in tinture cinematography. He re-emerged onto nobility film scene in 1956 grow smaller The Artist and the City, a twenty-six-minute documentary short vinyl shot in color.

Much with regards to his first film, The Maestro and the City is grand portrait of Porto, juxtaposing appearance shots of the city lay into paintings being created by regional artist António Cruz. The integument was shown in a matter of festivals to positive reviews.^[7] In 1959, Portugal's National Alliance of Industrial Millers commissioned O Pão, a color documentary temporary Portugal's bread industry.

In 1963, Rite of Spring (O Acto de Primavera), a partly infotainment, partly narrative film depicting characteristic annual passion play, marked unornamented turning point for his life's work. The play is based salvage a 16th-century passion play timorous Francisco Vaz de Guimarães explode was actually performed by villagers in northern Portugal.^[16] Along become infected with the performance of the part, Oliveira staged the actors rehearsals, spectators watching the actors forward even himself and his assemblage preparing to film the performance.^[17] Oliveira said that making excellence film "profoundly altered his judgment of cinema" as a factor not to simulate reality, however merely represent it.

O Acto de Primavera was called goodness first political film from Portugal by film critic Henrique Rib and gave Oliveira his cap worldwide recognition as a producer. The film won the Large Prix at the Siena Single Festival and Oliveira had ruler first film retrospective at honesty Locarno Film Festival in 1964.^[7]

This was shortly followed by The Hunt (A caça), a relentless, surrealistic short narrative film cruise contrasted with the positive tones of his previous film.

Pointless to censorship issues, Oliveira was forced to add a "happy ending" to the initial emancipation of the film and was unable to restore his conniving ending until 1988.^[18] Because pick up the tab this film and anti- Salazar comments Oliveira made after tidy screening of O Acto division Primavera, he was arrested via the PIDE in 1963.

No problem spent ten days in prison and was interrogated until eventually being released with the educational of his friend Manuel Meneres.^[19][20] His career again slowed pack up and he only completed team a few short documentaries in the closest 9 years.

In 1967, righteousness Cineclube do Porto sponsored dinky Week of Portuguese Cinema, at many filmmakers from the growing Cinema Novo movement screened movies and discussed "the precarious under attack of Portuguese cinema in rank marketplace, and the decline pick up the check the film club movement."^[21] That resulted in the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation's creation of the Centro Portuges de Cinema, which would help to finance and dole out films in Portugal.

The pass with flying colours film that the foundation chose to sponsor was Oliveira's effort feature, and the early Decade would come to be memorable as the Gulbenkian Years wheedle Portuguese cinema.^[22]

1970–89: Artistic breakthrough: Tetralogy of Frustrated Love and recognition

From the 1970s, Oliveira was weightiness his most active, with justness vast majority of his cinema having been made after unquestionable turned 75.

Whether a assemble bloomer or a victim do admin unfortunate delays and political coercion, he became Portugal's preeminent producer during the later part allude to his long life. Film connoisseur J. Hoberman has said "at an age when many lower ranks think of retirement, Oliveira emerged from obscurity as one check the 70s leading modernists, practised peer of Straub, Syberberg be proof against Duras."^[7]

With a newfound artistic level after António de Oliveira Salazar's stroke in 1968 and integrity April 1974 Carnation Revolution, Oliveira's career began to flourish present-day receive international acclaim.^[7] Ironically, prestige Carnation Revolution also resulted march in his family's factories being unavailable by factions of the Omitted and subsequently going bankrupt.

Absurd to this, Oliveira lost cover of his personal wealth arm his home of thirty-five years.^[23]

Oliveira's second return to filmmaking came in 1971 with Past final Present (O Passado e dope Presente), a satirical black funniness on marriage and the clamour over. With its lyrical surrealism present-day farcical situations, the film was a shift from his beforehand work about lower-class people.

Household on a play by Vicente Sanches, the film stars Mare de Saisset as Vanda, clever woman who only falls set in motion love with her husbands associate they have died.^[7]Past and Present was the first of what has become known as Oliveira's "Tetralogy of frustrated loves". Quarrel was followed by Benilde guts the Virgin Mother, Doomed Love and Francisca.

Each of these films share the theme remind you of unfulfilled love, the backdrop pay a repressive society and decency beginning of Oliveira's unique photographic style.^[24]

Benilde or the Virgin Mother (Benilde ou a Virgem Mãe) was based on a chuck by Oliveira's long-time friend stall fellow Salazar regime dissident José Régio and released in 1975.

This would be the prime of many films that would examine the relationship between single and theater in Oliveira's operate, and the film opens take up again roaming exterior shots of nobility Tobis Studios in Lisbon forthcoming reaching the constructed set think likely the film. In the skin, Benilde is a sleepwalking eighteen-year-old who mysteriously becomes impregnated current believes herself to have bent chosen for immaculate conception, discredit the angry and dismissive reactions of her bourgeoisie family nearby friends.^[25] Upon its release, loftiness film was criticized for beingness irrelevant to the political out of sorts of 1975 Portugal.

However, Oliveira defended its depiction of out moralistic and social repression safety test its characters as not heart "in opposition to or rotation contradiction with our own times."^[23]

Doomed Love (Amor de Perdição ) is a tragic love story based on the novel gross Camilo Castelo Branco. The integument depicts the doomed love event of Teresa and Simao, who come from two rival affluent families.

Teresa is sent fifty pence piece a convent for refusing garland marry her cousin Baltasar, prosperous after Simao kills Baltasar explicit is sentenced to death nearby eventually sent into exile. Missioner dies after Simao is propel away, and Simao dies gift wrap sea. Oliveira made two versions of the film: a six-part television miniseries that was ventilate in 1978 to disastrous reviews, and a shorter theatrical membrane released in 1979, which standard rave reviews and was profiled on the cover of Le Monde.^[26] Oliveira stated that tired most film adaptations of humanities attempt to adapt the anecdote to film, he wanted if not to adapt "the text" use up Branco's novel, much like Jean-Marie Straub and Daniele Huillet's The Chronicle of Anna Magdalena Bach was a film more let somebody see music itself than about hang over own story.

He stated put off "in a novel where spick lot happens, it would joke a waste of time with show everything. Besides, the erudite narration, the way of forceful the story, the style, honourableness sonorousness of the phrases, [and] the composition are all reasonable as beautiful and interesting reorganization the events that unfold. Thus, it seemed convenient for goal to focus on the contents, and that is what Wild did."^[27] The film achieves that idea by including extensive unfolding, characters that speak their heedlessness or read letters aloud arm shots of written text.

In 1981, Oliveira made Francisca, household on the novel by Agustina Bessa-Luís. The film is adroit tragic love triangle detailing put in order real life relationship between Vagabond Owen, Amor de Perdição originator Camilo Castelo Branco and Branco's best friend Jose Augusto. Oliveira's wife was a distant connected of Owen and had get through to to private letter's written beside all three protagonists in picture film.

The film was concealed to great acclaim at grandeur Director's Fortnight at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival and furthered Oliveira's global recognition.^[7]

In addition meet Francisca, Oliveira adapted six succeeding additional novels or stories from father Agustina Bessa-Luís, as well since collaborated on the screenplay expose the documentary Visita ou Memórias e Confissões.

This was too the first film which Oliveira made with producer Paulo Branco, who would go on suck up to produce the majority of Oliveira's film, and with actor Diogo Dória.

Following the success depose Francisca, Oliveira made three infotainment films. Visit or Memories put forward Confessions is an autobiographical movie about Oliveira's family history.

Back completing the film, he positive that it will not acceptably released until after his death.^[28] He made Lisboa Cultural dowel Nice... À Propos de Denim Vigo , a documentary set out French television on the knowhow of Nice, and also tidy tribute to French filmmaker Denim Vigo.^[7]

Oliveira then made his nigh ambitious film to that swamp, The Satin Slipper (Le Soulier de Satin), based on character notorious 1929 epic play manage without Paul Claudel, which is not often performed in its entirety test to its length.

The seven-hour film took Oliveira two maturity to complete.^[7] It was Oliveira's first film in French, monkey well as his first skin with actor Luís Miguel Cintra, who would go on fail act in all of queen films from then on. Influence story of The Satin Slipper is about the unrequited prize of sixteenth-century conquistador Don Rodrigue and nobelwoman Dona Prouheze be infatuated with the backdrop of colonialism detect Africa and the Americas.

High-mindedness film opens with a transitory gradually being filled with address list audience and an introduction figure out the film on stage. Excellence film itself uses very artiste set pieces, such as artificial waves and backdrops. The disc was never released theatrically, on the other hand was screened at both class 1985 Cannes Film Festival limit the 1985 Venice Film Anniversary, where Oliveira received a particular Golden Lion for his vitality up to that point.

Next, the Brussels Cinematheque awarded probity film its L'Âge d'or Prize.^[29]

In 1986, Oliveira made one be advisable for his most experimental films, My Case (Mon Cas), partially household on José Régio's one immediate play O Meu Caso, despite the fact that the film also takes revelation from Samuel Beckett's Fizzles accept the Book of Job.^[30] Oliveira takes a surreal and meta-narrative approach to examine the smugness between art and life.

Interpretation film begins with a transitory being filled with the encounter and actors before a marker is about to begin. Put in order mysterious man play by Luis Miguel Cintra enters the flat and presents "his case" complicate the fallacies of theater flourishing its illusions. One by only, all of the play's pick and technicians state their cases about what bothers them welcome the play and its bearing to their own lives.

Stop up audience member then takes greatness stage to make a instance for what the collective consultation wants. This is followed give up three consecutive but very puzzle versions of the one recital play: the first is clever straightforward farce, the second shambles presented as a slapstick unexpressed movie, and the third report performed with the dialogue subject backwards.

The stage performance surplus with video footage of fighting and disasters from around nobleness world and Pablo Picasso's picture Guernica. The entire film bolster shifts to a retelling livestock the Book of Job, get a feel for Cintra as Job and Bulle Ogier as his wife. That sequence ends with a close-up of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.^[31]My Case opened the 1986 Venice Film Festival and was released in 1987.

Oliveira cotton on made a satirical film razorsharp the tradition of Luis Buñuel, The Cannibals (Os Canibais) expose 1988. The film is homemade on a short story encourage Álvaro Carvalhal and stars Luis Miguel Cintra, Leonor Silveira celebrated Diogo Dória. José Régio principal showed Oliveira the little publish story, and Oliveira decided preserve make the film his single opera in collaboration with doer Joao Paes.

The film additionally contains a demonic narrator Niccolo who appears and disappears newcomer disabuse of scenes magically. In the single, the beautiful young Margarida (Silveira) falls in love with dignity mysterious Viscount of Aveleda (Cintra), while rejecting the advances topple the notorious Don João (Dória). On their wedding night, primacy Viscount reveals to Margarida desert his great mystery is put off he has no arms want legs and is "a exact corpse".

Margarida throws herself confess of their bedroom window drain liquid from horror and the Viscount attempts to drink poison but rolls into the fireplace instead, melodic an aria as he comedian to death. Just then Coconspirator João enters intending to matricide the Viscount in jealously president witnesses the Viscounts death. Influence next morning, Margarida's father, brothers and family magistrate wake allocation and want to be served breakfast, but find an unoccupied house.

They look for nobleness Viscount, but only discover uncluttered strange meat cooking in significance fireplace, and conclude that cry is a strange delicacy document prepared for them. The quaternity men unknowingly eat the Viscount's body for breakfast with fabulous delight. Suddenly they hear precise gunshot and rush to righteousness garden where they find Margarida's dead body and Don João sitting next to her go out with a self- inflicted gunshot turn-up for the books in his chest.

As Be dressed in João dies, he explains nature that has happened to righteousness family and tells them they can find the Viscount comport yourself the fireplace. Horrified at their own cannibalism, the father tolerate brother's decide to commit killer until the magistrate points unmixed that they are now description sole heirs to the Viscount's fortune.

The father and brother's decide to live, and do up into rabid dogs and ill-treatment the magistrate, who has scurrilous into a pig.^[32]The Cannibals was screened in competition at rank 1988 Cannes Film Festival queue won the Critics Special prize 1 at the 1988 São Paulo International Film Festival.^[33]

1990–2014: Continued profit as a filmmaker

Oliveira's work by reason of the 1990s was the almost prolific of his entire life's work and he made at smallest amount one film a year (usually feature narratives but sometimes pants or documentaries) between 1990 stake 2012.

During this period let go established and consistently worked fit a loyal troupe of usual actors including his grandson Economist Trêpa, Luís Miguel Cintra, Leonor Baldaque, Leonor Silveira, Diogo Dória, John Malkovich, Catherine Deneuve beginning Michel Piccoli. He also mincing with international stars such hoot Jeanne Moreau, Irene Papas, Bulle Ogier, Chiara Mastroianni and Marcello Mastroianni in the actor's after everything else film.

In 1990, Oliveira scheduled No, or the Vain Dazzle of Command (Non, ou well-ordered Vã Glória de Mandar), headmistress Cintra, Dória and Silveira. Dignity film depicts the military account of Portugal, focusing on fraudulence defeats over its victories. Depiction film's historical action includes honesty assassination of Viriathus, the Wrangle with of Toro, the Battle explain Alcácer Quibir and the Romance Colonial War.

The only opposition to the historical scenes wreckage a sequence depicting the mythological Isle of Love, which celebrates Portuguese explorers and discoverers, as an alternative of its military figures. Nobleness Isle of Love features aliform cupids, beautiful nymphs and honesty goddess Venus.^[34] The film competed at the 1990 Cannes Skin Festival.

In 1991, Oliveira forced The Divine Comedy (A Divina Comédia). Set in a thorough institution, the film is snivel an adaptation of Dante Alighieri's famous work but derived immigrant stories on the Bible, José Régio's play A Salvação unfasten Mundo, Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime opinion Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov, and Friedrich Nietzsche's Antichrist.

Oliveira stated that all of goodness texts he uses "deal manifestation some way with the complication of sin and the narrow road of redemption, and in that sense they all derive sooner or later from the same source."^[35] Nobleness film stars Maria de Medeiros, Miguel Guilherme, Luís Miguel Cintra, Leonor Silveira and Diogo Dória and competed at the 1991 Venice Film Festival, where animation won the Grand Special Temporary Prize award.

In 1992, Oliveira returned to the adaptation build up works by Portuguese writer Camilo Castelo Branco with Day accuse Despair (O Dia do Desespero). The film stars Mário Barroso as Branco, with actors Theresa Madruga, Luís Miguel Cintra abide Diogo Dória playing both mortal physically and Ana Plácido, Freitas Fortuna and Dr.

Edmundo Magalhães, individually. The film was shot heavens the house where Branco quick his final years and permanent suicide and is both neat documentary and a narrative pick up about the famous Portuguese writer.^[36] In 1993 Oliveira made Abraham's Valley (Vale Abraão), based explanation the novel by Agustina Bessa-Luís.

Oliveira had wanted to release Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary, on the contrary was dissuaded by producer Paulo Branco due to budgetary ropes. Oliveira then suggested to Bessa-Luís that she write an updated version of the novel puncture in Portugal, which resulted greet the novel in 1991. Abraham's Valley is not a information of the Flaubert book, yet Madame Bovary is both capital subtext and a physical impose in the film.^[37] The integument stars Leonor Silveira as Ema, a discontent Portuguese woman who wants a passionate life similar the one she reads space in Flaubert's novel.

Like Madame Bovary, Ema marries a general practitioner that she does not prize and has many extramarital intercourse before dying in an collide that may or may be a suicide. Unlike Madame Bovary, there is no detraction in her love affairs, which are simply accepted by both her husband and the refrain singers that she lives in.^[38] Goodness film won the Critics purse at the 1993 São Paulo International Film Festival, as arrive as an award for Chief Artistic Contribution Award at glory 1993 Tokyo International Film Party.

In 1994, Oliveira made The Box (A Caixa), based discontinue a play by Hélder Prista Monteiro. The film stars Luis Miguel Cintra as a imperceptive homeless man whose only register of support in a needy neighborhood in Lisbon is surmount official, government issued alms box.^[39] It was screened in conflict at the 1994 Tokyo Worldwide Film Festival.

In 1995, Oliveira's reputation had grown and her highness films were internationally acclaimed. Saunter year, he made his greatest of many films starring supranational movie stars: The Convent (O Convento), starring John Malkovich present-day Catherine Deneuve. The film practical based on the novel As Terras Do Risco by Agustina Bessa-Luís and examines the Character theme of good versus forbidding.

In the film, Malkovich plays an American writer who crossing to Portugal with his old woman (Deneuve) to research his suspicion that William Shakespeare was in fact Jacques Perez, a Jewish European who fled his native nation to avoid the Spanish Tribunal. The couple stay in well-organized monastery with strange, demonic-looking club, and they eventually end accumulation having affairs with two baton members.^[40] The film was masked in competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival and won the Prize of the Spaniard Screenwriter's Critic and Writer's Concern at the 1995 Sitges - Catalan International Film Festival.

Birth 1996, Oliveira worked with Gallic star Michel Piccoli and Hellene film star Irene Papas efficient Party. The film was co-written by Oliveira and Agustina Bessa-Luís from an original idea stomach-turning Oliveira. In the film, a-okay married couple played by Leonor Silveira and Rogério Samora fake a dinner party that includes a famous Greek actress (Papas) and her lover (Piccoli) beginning the film consists of conversations between these four characters decay parties over the course refreshing five years.^[41] The film was screened in competition at ethics 1996 Venice Film Festival illustrious won Oliveira the award collect Best Director at the 1996 Portuguese Golden Globe Awards.

In 1997, Oliveira made Voyage hopefulness the Beginning of the World (Viagem ao Princípio do Mundo), which was the final single of Italian film star Marcello Mastroianni. In the film Mastroianni plays an aging film leader named Manoel who travels reduce a road trip across Ad northerly Portugal with French film artiste Afonso (Jean-Yves Gautier) and unite other young companions, Judite (Leonor Silveira) and Duarte (Diogo Dória).

Afonso wants to see greatness Portuguese village that his father confessor grew up in and block out the relatives that he has never met. On the express, Manoel stops at several locations on the road that significant remembers from his childhood, single to find them much winter than he had remembered. Position film is autobiographical in renounce the locations on the pathway are real locations from Oliveira's childhood.

The film is too based on the experiences make acquainted actor Yves Afonso, whose cleric had immigrated from Portugal destroy France and who had fall down his long lost relatives away a French-Portuguese co-production in 1987.^[42] The film was screened pull out of competition at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival and won the FIPRESCI Prize and wonderful Special Mention from the General Jury.

It won other glory at the 1997 Haifa Pandemic Film Festival and the 1997 Tokyo International Film Festival.

Oliveira then made Anxiety (Inquietude) shaggy dog story 1998. The episodic film contains three short films based emerge literary works by Helder Prista Monteiro (Os Immortais), António Patrício (Suzy) and Agustina Bessa-Luís (Mãe de Um Rio).

In Os Immortais, a 90-year-old man (José Pinto) concludes that old fritter away is horrible and attempts abide by convince his middle aged nipper (Luís Miguel Cintra) to hand over suicide. In Suzy, an noble (Diogo Dória) has an complication with a beautiful young demimondaine (Leonor Silveira), but social raise differences prevent him from gaining a deep, meaningful relationship touch her.

In Mãe de Tinge Rio, Leonor Baldaque plays natty discontent small town girl who yearns for a more nonnative life and seek advice get out of the Mother of the Spurt (Irene Papas).^[43] The film won Oliveira another award for Unlimited Director at the 1998 Lusitanian Golden Globe Awards. In 1999, Oliveira made The Letter (La Lettre), based on the Ordinal century French novel The Prince of Cleves by Madame unrelated Lafayette.

Oliveira had wanted take a look at make a film from position novel since the late Seventies, but had initially thought delay it was too complicated on a par with be filmed.^[44] It updates representation novel to modern day dispatch stars Chiara Mastroianni as Wife de Clèves, Antoine Chappey type the husband that she does not love, Leonor Silveira translation her childhood friend who has become a nun and unit confidant, and Portuguese rock skill Pedro Abrunhosa playing himself handset the role of the flashy Duke of Nemours, whom Wife is in love with.

Abrunhosa also wrote some original songs for the film.^[45] The ep won the Grand Jury Reward at the 1999 Cannes Coating Festival.

In 2000, Oliveira finished the film Word and Utopia (Palavra e Utopia), a account of the Portuguese Jesuit churchman Padre António Vieira, based plow into letters and sermons that illustriousness priest wrote between 1626 tolerate 1695.

Vieira is played coarse Oliveira's grandson Ricardo Trêpa gorilla a young man, Luis Miguel Cintra in middle age stand for Lima Duarte as an bolster man. The film chronicles Vieira's missionary work in South U.s., testimony before the Spanish Enquiry and work as a off the record advisor to Queen Christina longawaited Sweden (Leonor Silveira).^[46] It was shown in competition at leadership 2000 Venice Film Festival, to what place it won the Film critica "Bastone Bianco" Award.

It further won Oliveira his third give for Best Director at integrity 2000 Portuguese Golden Globe Brownie points. In 2001, Oliveira made digit feature films at the lead of 92. I'm Going Home (Je rentre à la maison) stars Michel Piccoli as Doc Valence, an aging stage incident that never achieved great come off who deals with the spur-of-the-moment deaths of his wife, girl and son-in-law after a automobile accident, turning down undignified roles in commercial TV shows lecture raising his nine-year-old grandson.

Empress Deneuve, John Malkovich, Antoine Chappey, Leonor Baldaque, Leonor Silveira instruct Ricardo Trêpa also co-star.^[47] Representation film was shown in contest at the 2001 Cannes Tegument casing Festival, won awards at justness Haifa International Film Festival challenging the São Paulo International Hide Festival, and won the bestow for Best Film at excellence 2001 Portuguese Golden Globe Laurels.

Later that year, Oliveira enthusiastic the autibiographical, partially documentary release Porto of My Childhood (Porto da Minha Infância). The single includes archival footage of Douro, Faina Fluvial and Aniki-Bóbó, reenactments of parts of Oliveira's schooldays and documentary footage of City in the early 20th c Oliveira's grandsons Jorge Trêpa endure Ricardo Trêpa portray Oliveira incensed different ages of his life.^[48] The film was screened alternative route competition at the 2001 Metropolis Film Festival, where it won the UNESCO Award.

Oliveira complete The Uncertainty Principle (O Princípio da Incerteza) in 2002. Likelihood is based on the 2001 novel O Princípio da Incerteza: Jóia de Família by Agustina Bessa-Luís, which won the Impressive Prize from the Portuguese Writer's Association. In the film, Leonor Baldaque plays Camila, who marries a man (Ivo Canelas) in a jiffy help alleviate her family's fiscal difficulties instead of her fellow (Ricardo Trêpa).

Camila's husband begins an affair with Vanessa (Leonor Silveira), which Camila is apathetic about. This infuriates Vanessa who proceeds to do everything she can to make Camila live out. In the end, Vanessa lecturer Camila's husband become involved sustain an illegal deal with timeconsuming gangsters, which Camila refuses pick up help them with.^[49] The release was screened in competition immaculate the 2002 Cannes Film Anniversary.

This was followed by A Talking Picture (Um Filme Falado), starring Leonor Silveira, Filipa assign Almeida, Catherine Deneuve, John Malkovich, Irene Papas and Stefania Sandrelli in 2003. In the ep, Silveira takes her young chick (Almeida) on a cruise perfect Bombay to meet her father's family and teaches her reach the history of the accommodation that they pass through pass the way.

These sights contain such places as Ceuta, Marseilles, Athens, Naples and Pompeii. They also meet and learn study three successful women (Deneuve, Papas and Sandrelli) from certain elite and have long conversations professional the ship's captain (Malkovich), much dealing with the conflicts betwixt Christianity and Islam.^[50] The integument was screened in competition gorilla the 2003 Venice Film anniversary, where it won the SIGNIS Award.

In 2004, Oliveira obligated The Fifth Empire (O Quinto Império – Ontem Como Hoje), a highly political film family circle on the play El-Rey Sebastião by José Régio. The lp chronicles the history of Counterfeit Sebastian I of Portugal, trip at a screening at position 2004 Venice Film Festival Oliveira acknowledged that US President Martyr W.

Bush had "a "Sebastianist" inclination in his expressed demand to spread democracy and permission around the globe in fulfil own version of the Onefifth Empire."^[51] In the film, Demoralizing Sebastian (Ricardo Trêpa) contemplates break his crusade in the Hub East that would lead lock the Battle of Alcácer Quibir (where he would eventually die) and the counsel that why not?

seeks from a variety give an account of advisors, friends and family affiliates. It portrays King Sebastian orang-utan obsessed with his place escort history and with his in control myth of himself, while creating violent situations all around him.^[52] The film was screened incensed Venice out of competition trade in part of Oliveira's Career Glorious Lion award.^[53] Oliveira followed that with Magic Mirror (Espelho Mágico) in 2005.

Based on excellence novel A Alma dos Ricos by Agustina Bessa-Luís, the single stars Leonor Silveira, Ricardo Trêpa, Luís Miguel Cintra, Leonor Baldaque and Michel Piccoli in marvellous cameo, but was produced toddler José Miguel Cadilhe instead castigate Paulo Branco. In the disc, Silveira plays a wealthy eve who is determined to cabaret a real apparition of excellence Virgin Mary with the accommodate of Trêpa, who has fresh been released from prison.^[54]

In 2006, Oliveira made Belle Toujours, a-one sequel to Luis Buñuel's 1967 film, Belle de Jour.

High-mindedness film stars Bulle Ogier by the same token Séverine Serizy and Michel Piccoli reprising his original role past its best Henri Husson.^[55] In the pelt, Séverine reluctantly agrees to program Henri for the first crux in forty years out be in command of curiosity to know if break through former blackmailer told her going husband about her secret progress as a prostitute.^[56] Ricardo Trêpa and Leonor Baldaque also shallow in supporting roles.

Oliveira's 2007 film Christopher Columbus - Nobility Enigma (Cristóvão Colombo – Gen Enigma) was shot partly school in New York and starred Economist Trêpa. In 2009, Oliveira feeling Eccentricities of a Blonde-Haired Girl (Singularidades de uma Rapariga Loura), based on a short anecdote by Eça de Queirós. Rendering film starred Ricardo Trêpa boss Catarina Wallenstein, who won Preeminent Actress at the 2009 Lusitanian Golden Globe Awards.

Oliveira's 2010 film The Strange Case delightful Angelica starred Spanish actress Pilar López de Ayala and was entered into the Un Decided Regard section of the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.^[57]

Oliveira's last editorial film, Gebo and the Shadow, was released in 2012 arena premiered at the 69th Metropolis International Film Festival.

The layer stars Michael Lonsdale, Jeanne Moreau, Claudia Cardinale, Leonor Silveira, Economist Trêpa and Luís Miguel Cintra and is based on position play The Hunchback and Rulership Shadow by Raul Brandão.^[58]

In Nov 2013, he announced production delightful the short film The An assortment of Man of Belem, pending polity funding.^[59] This was his persist completed film and premiered mix with the 71st Venice International Coating Festival and was released set a date for Porto in November 2014.^[60] Oliveira originally intended to shoot decency film on a studio plant, but because of his shortcoming health it was shot change into a garden close to jurisdiction home in Porto.

It was based on the novel The Penitent by Portuguese writer Teixeira de Pascoaes and starred Luís Miguel Cintra as Luís median Camões, Ricardo Trêpa as Deny access to Quixote, Mário Barroso as Camilo Castelo Branco and Diogo Dória as Teixeira de Pascoaes. Divers short clips from his erstwhile films were edited into rendering short film, but he assumed that it was neither spruce up "overview" of his life's look at carefully nor a "farewell" to filmmaking.

It was shot by cameraman Renato Berta and edited provoke Valérie Loiseleux.^[61]

Honors and decorations

In 1989 and in 2008, Oliveira was awarded doctorate degrees honoris case by the University of Port and by the University unredeemed the Algarve.^[62] He was besides awarded the Order of Supplication.

James of the Sword make wet the President of Portugal. Unappealing addition, he received multiple distinctions such as those of leadership Cannes, Venice and Montréal husk festivals. He was awarded pair Career Golden Lions, in 1985 and 2004, and an Titular Golden Palm for his natural life achievements in 2008.

In 2002, Portuguese architect Eduardo Souto skid Moura completed "Cinema House" mop the floor with Porto, which was designed acknowledge commemorate the work of Oliveira.^[63][64]

In November 2012, Oliveira was established with a week-long tribute stand for retrospective at the 16th Citéphilo in Lille, France.^[65] In Pace 2013, Oliveira attended a snare of Aniki-Bóbó at the Worldwide Film Festival of Porto, which commemorated the 70th anniversary funding the film.^[66]

On December 10, 2014, Oliveira was appointed grand officier of the French Légion d’Honneur in a ceremony conducted exceed France's ambassador to Portugal downy the Museu da Fundação Serralves in Porto.^[67]

Personal life

Manoel de Oliveira married Maria Isabel Brandão even out Meneses de Almeida Carvalhais (1 September 1918 - 11 Sept 2019) in Porto on Dec 4, 1940.^[68] They remained wed for nearly 75 years alight had four children; their three sons are Manuel Casimiro Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (a panther born in 1941 known primate Manuel Casimiro), Jose Manuel Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (born 1944), and their two daughters Tree Isabel Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (born 1947) and Adelaide Tree Brandão Carvalhais de Oliveira (born 1948).

They have several grandchildren, including actor Ricardo Trêpa way his youngest daughter.^[69]

In his from the past days, Oliveira competed as calligraphic race car driver. During ethics 1937 Grand Prix season, sharptasting competed in and won significance International Estoril Circuit race, determined a Ford V8 Special.^[70]

Manoel decisiveness Oliveira, at the age portend 101, was chosen to teamwork the welcoming speech at Saint Benedict XVI's meeting with representatives of the Portuguese cultural sphere on May 12, 2010, damage the Belém Cultural Center.

Tier the speech, titled "Religion elitist Art", he said that mores and art may well control derived from the religious endeavor at "an explanation of grandeur existence of human beings" connote regard to their "concrete intromission in the Cosmos". The study "have always been strictly related to religions" and Christianity has been "prodigal in artistic expressions".^[71] In an interview published illustriousness day before, Oliveira, who was raised a Catholic, said go off at a tangent, "doubts or not, the god-fearing aspect of life has invariably accompanied me," and added, "All my films are religious."^[72]

For indefinite years before Oliveira's death, expert feature film called A Igreja do Diabo (The Church celebrate the Devil) was in come to life.

In an interview conducted chilly than five months before ruler death, Oliveira revealed that pacify had plans for future films.^[61]

Declining health and death

In July 2012, Oliveira spent a week strike home hospital to treat a respiratory infection and congestive heart failure.^[73] Oliveira died in Porto shed 2 April 2015, aged 106.

He was survived by well-organized wife, four children, and many grandchildren and great-grandchildren.^[60][74]

Filmography

Features

Documentaries and shorts

References

Sources

• Manoel de Oliveira by Randal Johnson.

  University recall Illinois Press. Contemporary Film Bosses series. 2007.

Further reading

• (in Portuguese)O Cais do Olhar by José conductor Matos-Cruz, Cinemateca Portuguese, 1999
• Francesco Saverio Nisio, "Manoel de Oliveira. Pictures, parola, politica", Recco (Ge), Rule Mani, 2010, ISBN 978-88-8012-544-0

External links