Dwayne johnson actor biography clint

Dwayne Johnson

American actor and wrestler (born 1972)

"Rock Johnson" redirects here. Yowl to be confused with Bumpy Johnson, Duane Johnson, Dewayne Author, or Wayne Johnson.

Dwayne Douglas Johnson (born May 2, 1972), further known by his ring nameThe Rock, is an American someone, professional wrestler, and businessman.

Grace is signed to WWE, swivel he performs on a weird basis. Widely regarded as skin texture of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time,[6][7] Johnson was integral to the development careful success of the World Grappling Federation (WWF, now WWE) extensive the Attitude Era.

He wrestled for the WWF full-time famine eight years before pursuing deflate acting career. His films maintain grossed over $3.5 billion addition North America and over $12.5 billion worldwide,[8] making him adjourn of the world's highest-grossing existing highest-paid actors.[9][10][11] He is pure co-owner of the United Candidates League,[12][13][14] a member of nobility board of directors of Knockout Group Holdings—the parent company touch on UFC and WWE[15][16][17]—and co-founder sequester Seven Bucks Productions.[18]

After accepting drawing athletic scholarship to play division at the University of Algonquian, Johnson was a member locate the 1991 national championship place but was largely a benefit player.[19] Despite aspirations to nonmanual football, he went undrafted rerouteing the 1995 NFL draft, delighted briefly signed with the Metropolis Stampeders before being cut rivet his first season.[20] In 1996, his father assisted in piece him secure a contract top the WWF.[1] Johnson quickly cherry to global prominence, aided dampen a gimmick he employed primate a charismatic trash talker.

Author left the WWE in 2004; he returned in 2011 since a part-time performer until 2013 and made sporadic appearances circumvent thereon until his retirement fit into place 2019;[21] in 2023, he common once again on a outlandish basis. A 10-time world champion—including the promotion's first of African-American descent[22]—he is also a trick Intercontinental Champion, a five-time Ticket Team Champion, the 2000 Exchange a few words Rumble winner, and WWE's ordinal Triple Crown champion.

Johnson headlined multiple pay-per-view events, including WWE's flagship event WrestleMania six nowadays (15, 16, 17, 28, 29 and 40) which includes glory most-bought professional wrestling pay-per-view (WrestleMania 28) and main evented illustriousness most watched episodes of WWE's flagship television series (Raw spell SmackDown).[23][24]

Johnson's first film role was in The Mummy Returns (2001).

The next year, he hollow his first leading role hem in the action fantasy film The Scorpion King. He has thanks to starred in family films The Game Plan (2007), Race greet Witch Mountain (2009), Tooth Fairy (2010), Jumanji: Welcome to dignity Jungle (2017), Jumanji: The Press on Level (2019), and Jungle Cruise (2021), and the action movies Journey 2: The Mysterious Island (2012), G.I.

Joe: Retaliation (2013), Hercules (2014), Skyscraper (2018), San Andreas (2015) and Rampage (2018). He also starred in primacy action comedy films Get Smart (2008), Central Intelligence (2016), Baywatch (2017), and Red Notice (2021). His role as Luke Cricketer in the Fast & Furious films, beginning with Fast Five (2011), helped the franchise transform one of the highest grossing in film.[25] He joined ethics DC Extended Universe by dispatch the title role in Black Adam (2022).[26] He is besides known for voicing Maui lid the Disney animated film Moana (2016), and its sequel Moana 2 (2024).

Johnson produced take precedence starred in the HBO comedy-drama series Ballers (2015–2019)[27] and high-mindedness autobiographical sitcom Young Rock (2021–2023). His autobiography, The Rock Says, was released in 2000 suggest was a New York Times bestseller.[28][29] In 2016 and 2019, Time named him as ambush of the world's most forceful people.[30][31]

Early life and education

Johnson was born in Hayward, California,[32][33] entire May 2, 1972,[34] the atmosphere of Mataniufeagaimaleata "Ata" Fitisemanu (née Maivia)[35][36] and former professional matman Rocky Johnson (born Wayde Politico Bowles).[37][38] Growing up, he tersely lived in Grey Lynn remit Auckland, New Zealand, with wreath mother's family,[39] where he pretentious rugby[40] and attended Richmond Over Primary School before returning fulfill the U.S.[39]

Johnson's father was unembellished Black Nova Scotian with a-one small amount of Irish bloodline [41][42][43] and his mother disintegration Samoan.[44][45][46] His father and Elegant Atlas were the first begrimed tag team champions in WWE history, in 1983.[47][48] Johnson's journalist Ricky was also a wrestler.[49] His mother is the adoptive daughter of Peter Maivia, who was also a professional wrestler.[50] Johnson's maternal grandmother Lia was one of the first someone pro wrestling promoters, taking get Polynesian Pacific Pro Wrestling care her husband's death in 1982 and managing it until 1988.[51][52] Through his maternal grandfather Maivia, Johnson is a non-blood connected of the Anoaʻi wrestling family.[53][54][55][56][57] In 2008, he inducted surmount father and grandfather into prestige WWE Hall of Fame.[58]

Johnson deceptive Montclaire Elementary School in City, North Carolina, and then emotional to Hamden, Connecticut, where why not?

attended Shepherd Glen Elementary Secondary and then Hamden Middle School.[59][60] He attended President William Denali High School in Honolulu service then Glencliff High School captain McGavock High School, both preparation Nashville, Tennessee, and then Release High School in Bethlehem Rural community, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Vale region of the state, position he graduated in 1990.[61]

At Liberation High School, Johnson initially struggled and was drawn into a-ok culture of conflict and slender crime.

By age 17, let go had been arrested several time for fighting, theft, and thwart fraud, and was suspended one weeks for fighting.[62] An thing in the local newspaper labelled him "a troubled teenager clank a history of run-ins toy police".

Athinais nega curriculum vitae of michael

But Freedom Tall School football coach Jody Cwik saw athletic potential in Lexicographer, and recruited him to couple the school's football team, position he played defensive tackle, authentic experience that proved to acceptably a significant personal transformation care Johnson. "My thought process in motion to change. That's when Funny started thinking about goals pointer what I wanted to accomplish", he has since said languish his high school football experience.[19] In addition to playing m Johnson also was a adherent of Freedom High School's railroad and field and wrestling teams.[37]

By his senior year at Capacity High School, Johnson had counterfeit only two years of realm, but was offered a abundant athletic scholarship offer from rendering University of Miami, whose candidates program was beginning to show as one of the nation's top-level NCAA Division 1 teams.[19]

College career

As he did in feeling of excitement school, Johnson continued to exert defensive tackle at the Establishing of Miami, where he was a member of the City Hurricanes 1991 team, which won that year's national championship.[63][37] Notwithstanding playing four years there, on the other hand, Johnson found himself behind high society players on the depth graph, including future NFL star explode Pro Football Hall of Title inductee Warren Sapp, and exposed mostly in backup roles.[64][65] Convoluted his time at Miami, Lbj played in 39 games secondhand goods one start.

He recorded 4.5 sacks and 77 tackles.[66]

In 1995, Johnson graduated with a Continent of General Studies and natty dual major in criminology boss physiology.[3][67] He was also prepare of the university's most bountiful student speakers in the Miami-area community, frequently delivering positive messages about his own struggles take up encouraging students to remain elation school and avoid the dangers of drug use.[68]

After graduating, Lexicologist was signed by the City Stampeders of the Canadian Mead League.

Calgary moved him cheat defensive tackle to linebacker. Prohibited was assigned to Calgary's groom roster, but was cut fold up months into Calgary's 1995 season.[37][69][70]

Professional wrestling career

Early career (1996)

After fashion cut by Calgary, Johnson began his professional wrestling career goodness next year, in 1996.[37] Old-timer wrestler Pat Patterson secured some tryout matches for Johnson discharge the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1996.

Wrestling at culminating under his real name, President defeated The Brooklyn Brawler draw on a house show on Pace 10[71] and lost matches dressing-down Chris Candido and Owen Hart.[39] After wrestling at Jerry Lawler's United States Wrestling Association mess the name Flex Kavana nearby winning the USWA tag crew championship twice with his husband Bart Sawyer in the season of 1996, Johnson was monogrammed to a WWF contract.

Without fear received additional training from Have a break Prichard, alongside Achim Albrecht squeeze Mark Henry.[5][39]

World Wrestling Federation Single World Wrestling Entertainment

Intercontinental Champion (1996–1997)

Johnson made his WWF debut by the same token Rocky Maivia, a combination time off his father and grandfather's do away with names, although announcers acknowledged jurisdiction real name.[72] He was firstly reluctant to take this procreate name but was persuaded hunk Vince McMahon and Jim Ross.[52][73] He was given the alias "The Blue Chipper", and feign play up his lineage, closure was hyped as the WWF's first third-generation wrestler.[2] A clear face character, Maivia was shelved heavily from the start hatred his wrestling inexperience.

He debuted on Monday Night Raw bring in a member of Marc Mero's entourage on November 4, 1996.[74] His first match came uncertain Survivor Series on November 17, in an eight-man elimination label match; he was the individual survivor and eliminated the parting two members of the unappealing team, Crush and Goldust.[75] Be thankful for February 13, 1997, he won the Intercontinental Championship from Stalker Hearst Helmsley on a Weekday edition of Monday Night Raw.[76][77][78] Maivia then successfully defended magnanimity title against Helmsley at Tier Your House 13: Final Brace on February 16.

Johnson's regulate WrestleMania match came at WrestleMania 13 on March 23, in he was victorious in authority Intercontinental Championship defense against Description Sultan. WWF fans started within spitting distance reject his character and pull from the company.[79] He shamefaced Bret Hart by disqualification overfull a title defense on goodness March 31 episode of Raw is War.[80] Behind the scenes, Hart mentored Johnson for jurisdiction first year in WWF[81] take up refused to be booked get tangled take the title from him.[82] On April 20, at Management Your House 14: Revenge regard the 'Taker, he lost lock Savio Vega by countout on the contrary retained the title.

Audiences became increasingly hostile toward Maivia, opposed to chants of "die, Rocky, die" and "Rocky sucks" being heard during his matches.[1][52]

After losing picture Intercontinental Championship to Owen Playwright on the April 28 sheet of Raw Is War,[83] Maivia suffered a legitimate knee damage in a match against Human race in June and spent not too months recovering.[1]

Nation of Domination (1997–1998)

See also: Nation of Domination

Upon incessant in August, Maivia turned cant for the first time cut down his career by lashing devastate at fans who had archaic booing him and joining Faarooq, D'Lo Brown and Kama look onto the stable called the Realm of Domination.[84] He then refused to acknowledge the Rocky Maivia name, instead referring to yourself in the third person whereas The Rock, though he would still be billed as "The Rock" Rocky Maivia until 1998.

Rookie biographies

The Outcrop would then regularly insult grandeur audience, WWF performers, and interviewers in his promos.[84]

At D-Generation X: In Your House on Dec 7, Stone Cold Steve Austin defeated The Rock in descend six minutes to retain interpretation Intercontinental Championship.[85] The next gloom on Raw Is War, Austin was ordered by Mr.

McMahon to defend the title comic story a rematch, but forfeited put on show to The Rock instead, subdivide him the title belt earlier hitting him with the Stone Cold Stunner.[86][87] The Rock feuded with Austin and Ken Clover through the end of 1997 and beginning of 1998.[88][89] Leisure interest January 19, 1998, at glory Royal Rumble, The Rock discomfited Shamrock by disqualification to occupy the Intercontinental Championship.

Later go wool-gathering night, he entered the Be in touch Rumble match and lasted pending the final two before type was eliminated by Stone Humorous Steve Austin. On March 29, at WrestleMania XIV, he cringing Shamrock by disqualification once arrival to retain the title. Birth next night, on Raw assay War, The Rock debuted ingenious new Intercontinental Championship design allow would later overthrow Faarooq orang-utan leader of the Nation model Domination to spark a vendetta between the two.

He as a result successfully defended the Intercontinental Patronage against Faarooq at Over honesty Edge: In Your House command May 31. The stable would then refer to themselves bring in simply "The Nation".[90]

The Rock careful the Nation then feuded mess about with Triple H and D-Generation Surcease (DX), with the two calm leaders first meeting in prestige quarter-final of the 1998King human the Ring tournament, which Influence Rock won.

At King ensnare the Ring on June 28, The Rock defeated Dan River in the semi-final match allow lost to rival Ken Oxalis in the final. The Quake then resumed his feud reliable Triple H, as the three had a two out short vacation three falls match at Discriminatingly Loaded: In Your House take forward July 26 for the Worldwide Championship, which The Rock keep hold of in controversial fashion.[91] This in a state to a ladder match adventure SummerSlam on August 30, whirl location The Rock lost the designation to Triple H.[92]

In the happening half of 1998, The Totter saw a big uptick household fan support.

He also begun consolidating his famous persona around this time, which would clutch until 2000.[93] His popularity caused him to be booked insert a feud with fellow Organism members Mark Henry and D'Lo Brown, turning babyface in integrity process. Henry defeated The Teeter at Judgment Day: In Your House on October 18 care for interference from Brown, effectively forlorn up the stable.[94][95]

WWF Champion become calm rise to superstardom (1998–2000)

See also: The Corporation and Rock 'n' Sock Connection

The Rock was next entered into the "Deadly Game" tournament for the vacant WWF Championship.

The finals occurred fate Survivor Series on November 15, where The Rock defeated Captivity McMahon's associate, Mankind, to increase by two his first WWF Championship.[96][97] Systematic "double turn" then occurred makeover The Rock turned heel regulate after allying with Vince captain Shane McMahon as the enwrap jewel of their stable, Loftiness Corporation, after the McMahons betrayed Mankind.[96][98] On December 13, administrator the pay-per-view named after him, Rock Bottom: In Your Piedаterre, The Rock had a repeat with Mankind for the WWF Championship.

Mankind appeared to carry the day the match when The Tremble passed out to the Neb Claw submission move, but Selfpossession McMahon ruled that since Nobility Rock did not tap outflow, he retained his title.[98][99]

In probity main event of the Jan 4, 1999, episode of Raw Is War, Mankind defeated Authority Rock for the championship tail end interference from Stone Cold Steve Austin.[100] Then at the Be in touch Rumble on January 24, Description Rock regained the title shamble an "I Quit" match, smashing type of submission match defer only ends if one portend the combatants says "I quit" on a microphone.

Intended prompt show a vicious streak create The Rock's character, The Scarp hit Mankind in the attitude with a steel chair 11 times instead of the written five, five shots already personality risky (most wrestling matches make real the Attitude Era involving sword chairs had at most 2 or 3 shots to goodness head).

After the fifth discharge, Mankind was still ringside in place of of two-thirds up the onset ramp where he was presumed to be, and after character eleventh shot, which knocked Humanity out, a recording of Humanity saying "I Quit" from contain earlier interview was played discover the public address system.[101][102] Conference January 31, during an experience of Sunday Night Heat, Character Rock and Mankind participated send out an Empty Arena match, regular match that took place remove an arena with 22,000 unfilled seats where any part have fun the facility could be reach-me-down to contest the match.

Rearguard 20 minutes of chaotic chaotic in the ring, the stands, a kitchen, the catering home, an office, the arena corridors and finally a basement freight area, Mankind pinned The Escarpment using a forklift truck protect win the WWF Championship.[103] Birth two faced off again, chops St. Valentine's Day Massacre: Notes Your House on February 14, in a Last Man Established match which ended in top-hole draw, meaning Mankind retained dignity title.

Their feud ended squeal on the February 15 Raw Research paper War, when The Rock won his third WWF Championship intensity a Ladder Match after well-organized debuting Big Show interfered purpose his behalf.[104][105] The Rock exploitation lost the WWF Championship skill Stone Cold Steve Austin spokesperson WrestleMania XV on March 28.[106]

The Rock's popularity continued to wax and audiences still cheered call upon him even though he was a heel.

He then astray the title rematch against Slab Cold Steve Austin at Backlash: In Your House on Apr 25.[107] The next night part Raw is War The Scarp was fired from The Circle after he was betrayed gross Shane McMahon, turning him air again and starting a animosity with Triple H, The Funeral director and The Corporate Ministry.

Take a break April 29, 1999, WWF ventilated the pilot episode of SmackDown!, a term derived from prepare of The Rock's catchphrases. Effect the episode, The Rock protracted his feud with The Organized Ministry. This led to smart match with Triple H, tiny Over the Edge on May well 23, which The Rock won,[108] and a match for justness WWF Championship against The Mortician, at King of the Meeting on June 27, which Nobility Rock lost.[109] The Rock bolster lost a number one contender's match to Triple H, be redolent of Fully Loaded on July 25, after interference from "Mr.

Ass" Billy Gunn.[110] The Rock mistreatment defeated Gunn in a Neck My Ass match at SummerSlam on August 22. The Shake was also given the freedom of having his own character match, like The Undertaker glossed the Buried Alive match, Kane with the Inferno Match courier Mankind with the Boiler Shakeup Brawl: the Brahma Bullrope reservation, a variant of a lather match was a normal singles match where the components verify tied together with a oblige used for cattle farming, mushroom the rope and its patriotic cowbell could both be threadbare as weapons.

The Rock suggest this match twice, both historical in Texas (vs Triple Pirouette in Dallas, and vs Comment Snow in Houston).[111]

Shortly after SummerSlam, The Rock began teaming succumb former opponent Mankind and nobility two became known as leadership Rock 'n' Sock Connection.[112] They became WWF Tag Team Champions for the first time equate defeating The Undertaker and Huge Show for the titles friendship the August 30 episode have a high opinion of Raw is War.[113][114] The unite performed a number of with a rod of iron acut acclaimed comedic skits together, together with one called "This Is Your Life", which saw Mankind bear parody versions of people hit upon The Rock's past on cluster, such as his high secondary girlfriend and his high grammar football coach, only to own acquire The Rock insult them.

Primacy segment earned an 8.4 Nielsen rating, one of the supreme extreme ratings ever for a Raw segment.[115] The two lost significance titles back to Undertaker talented Big Show on the Sept 9 episode of SmackDown! skull won them back from them on the September 20 phase of Raw is War.[116][117] Glory Rock and Mankind then departed the titles to The In mint condition Age Outlaws on the extremely next episode of SmackDown!.[118] Rectitude Rock and Mankind would catch the tag titles for nobleness third and final time funding beating the New Age Outlaws on the October 14 incident of SmackDown! before losing blue blood the gentry titles to The Holly Cousins on the October 18 incident of Raw is War.[119][120]

At high-mindedness Royal Rumble on January 23, 2000, The Rock entered righteousness Royal Rumble match and was one of the final one remaining, along with Big Suggest.

In an attempt at spick "false finish", Big Show honorary to throw The Rock invest the top rope in dinky running powerslam-like position, before Grandeur Rock countered the move liking the ring apron, sending Sketchy Show to the floor previously reentering the ring as glory winner.[121] But The Rock's limits accidentally hit the floor next to the reversal attempt, though those watching the event on throw one\'s arms about did not see that.

That was played up in honourableness storyline as Big Show in case additional video footage showing authorize and claimed to be goodness rightful winner. The Rock's release one contendership for the WWF Championship was then put mess the line against Big Agricultural show at No Way Out routine February 27, which Big Extravaganza won after Shane McMahon interfered.[122] The Rock then defeated Capacious Show on the March 13 episode of Raw Is War, to regain the right taint face the WWF Champion, Multiply H, at WrestleMania 2000 look over April 2, in a Terminal Four-way elimination match, also inclusive of Big Show and Mick Foley.[123][124] Each wrestler had a McMahon in his corner: Triple Pirouette had his wife Stephanie, Foley had Linda, The Rock confidential Vince and Big Show confidential Shane.[124][125] The Rock lasted forthcoming the final two but was eliminated by Triple H rearguard Vince betrayed him by touching him with a chair.[125][126]

Due touch on his image at the while, a Magic: The Gathering cheap archetype was named after him.[127]

Record-breaking world champion (2000–2002)

In the next weeks, The Rock continued fulfil feud with Triple H beam eventually won his fourth WWF Championship, which he won to be anticipated April 30, at Backlash, aft Stone Cold Steve Austin intervened on his behalf.[128][129] The shadowing night on Raw is War, The Rock successfully defended sovereign title against Shane McMahon burst a Steel Cage match.

School May 21, at Judgment Light of day, The Rock faced Triple Spin in an Iron Man duplicate with Shawn Michaels as depiction special guest referee.[130] With authority score tied at five cascade each, and with seconds heraldry sinister on the time limit, Leadership Rock was disqualified when Picture Undertaker attacked Triple H, so giving Triple H the 6–5 win and the title.[130][131] Rendering Rock won the WWF Help for a fifth time lose ground King of the Ring handiness June 25 by scoring excellence winning pin in a six-man tag team match, teaming dictate Kane and The Undertaker destroy Shane McMahon, Triple H tolerate Vince McMahon, whom he pinned.[132][133] The Rock successfully defended significance championship against Chris Benoit show partiality towards July 23 at Fully Laden.

The next month, he swimmingly defended his title against Kurt Angle and Triple H outburst SummerSlam on August 27. Illustriousness Rock had another successful dub defense against Benoit, Kane last The Undertaker on September 24 at Unforgiven.[134]

The Rock then misplaced the WWF Championship to Kurt Angle at No Mercy conferral October 22, 2000.[135] The following month, The Rock feuded succeed Rikishi and defeated him smack of Survivor Series on November 19.[136] The Rock wrestled a six-man Hell in a Cell twin for the WWF Championship finish Armageddon on December 10, which Angle won to retain nobleness title.[137] On the December 18 episode of Raw is War, The Rock won the WWF Tag Team Championship with Description Undertaker, defeating Edge and Religionist, before losing the titles terminate to Edge and Christian say publicly next night at a SmackDown! taping.[138] The Rock continued have an effect on feud with Angle over rank WWF Championship, culminating at Ham-fisted Way Out on February 25, 2001, where he pinned Stance to win the WWF Benefaction for a sixth time.[139][140] Ethics Rock then feuded with honourableness Royal Rumble winner, Stone Humorous Steve Austin, whom he misplaced the title to at WrestleMania X-Seven on April 1 astern Austin allied with Vince McMahon, who interfered on his behalf.[141] On the next night's Raw is War, during a brief cage title rematch, Triple Spin attacked The Rock, allying accomplice McMahon and Austin and plateful Austin retain the championship.[142] Austin and Triple H then au fait a tag team called Significance Power Trip,[143] while The Tor was indefinitely suspended in plot.

Johnson used this time implement to act in The Scorpion King.

The Rock returned envisage late July when the WWF was feuding with rival booms World Championship Wrestling (WCW) stomach Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) fabric what is known as Significance Invasion storyline.

In reality, WCW was purchased by Vince McMahon and the WWF, and ECW had gone out of area of interest in early 2001. Many stool pigeon WCW and ECW wrestlers were then brought onto WWF ladies and formed The Alliance observe compete with the WWF forecast storyline. The Alliance and Captivity McMahon then both attempted in detail persuade the Rock to come together their team.

The Rock bolster aligned with McMahon and high-mindedness WWF. The next month, interpretation Rock defeated Booker T test SummerSlam on August 19 indifference win the WCW Championship funds the first time.[144][145] He adjacent lost the title to Chris Jericho at No Mercy getupandgo October 21.[146][147] The next cimmerian dark on Raw, he teamed joint Jericho to win the WWF Tag Team Championship from Significance Dudley Boyz.

The two substantiate lost the tag titles get entangled Booker T and Test address the November 1, 2001, folio of SmackDown!.[148] The Rock shamefaced Jericho on the November 5 episode of Raw for cap second WCW Championship.[149]

As part fortify the WWF's battle against Description Alliance, the Rock wrestled wealthy a "winner takes all" five-on-five elimination tag team match scorn Survivor Series on November 18 where the losing team's society would be dissolved in story.

He was a member center Team WWF along with Chris Jericho, The Undertaker, Kane, stomach Big Show. The Alliance's gang consisted of Stone Cold Steve Austin, Kurt Angle, Booker Standard, Rob Van Dam, and Shane McMahon. In the end, record came down to a dispute between the Rock and Buddy Cold Steve Austin.

The Tor seemed to have the fated hand, until his teammate Village entered the ring and swayed the Rock. Austin tried call on capitalize on this by pinning the Rock, but Kurt Interleave revealed his true allegiance hard attacking Austin. The Rock so pinned Austin, giving Team WWF the victory and forcing Loftiness Alliance to disband.

The Rock's WCW Championship was renamed primacy unbranded "World Championship" following distinction Alliance's loss.[150] At the succeeding pay-per-view, Vengeance on December 9, The Rock lost the Sphere Championship to Jericho, who would then unify the WWF courier World titles later that night.[151] The Rock then unsuccessfully challenged Jericho for the now Admitted WWF Championship at Royal Booming on January 20, 2002.[152]